To debug an Active Directory binding issues

First set the directory error logging to “debug” with:
sudo odutil set log debug

then try the join …

set the error logging back to “error” with:
sudo odutil set log default

You’ll find the log file in:
/var/log/opendirectoryd.log

An excellent reference article with additional tips is at:
https://derflounder.wordpress.com/2012/03/29/diagnosing-ad-binding-problems-from-the-command-line/