Cobas, Jose, Jorge Duany, and Joe Feagin, eds. How the United States Racializes Latinos: White Hegemony and Its Consequences. Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2009.

Godreau, Isar P., Mariolga Reyes Cruz, Mariluz Franco Ortiz, and Sherry Cuadrado. “The Lessons Of Slavery: Discourses Of Slavery, and in An Elementary School In Puerto Rico.” American Ethnologist 35, no. 1 (2008): 115-35.

Jimenez Roman, Miriam, and Juan Flores, eds. The Afro-Latin@ Reader : History and Culture in the United States. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2010.

Nishida, Mieko. Slavery and Identity: Ethnicity, Gender, and Race in Salvador, Brazil, 1808-1888. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2003.

“Chapter 5: Ethnic Identity and Self-Esteem.” In Hispanic Psychology: Critical Issues in Theory and Research, edited by Amado M. Padilla, by Jean Phinney. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, 1995.

Rodriguez-Silva, Ileana M. Silencing Race: Disentangling Blackness, Colonialism, and National Identities in Puerto Rico. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

Tate, Shirley Anne, and Ian Law. Caribbean Racisms: Connections and Complexities in the Racialization of the Caribbean Region. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

Usanna, Karin Weyland. “The Absence of an African Presence in Argentina and the Dominican Republic: Caught Between National Folklore and Myth.” Caribbean Studies 38, no. 1 (2010): 107-27. Accessed October 28, 2015. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27944577.