Methodologies VI: Methodology Manifesto
Africana studies has the singular history of being a field that is both personal and academic. It is a field where possibility and malleability reign supreme. For students whose vocational education purposely and systematically excluded the histories, literature, and art of Africana peoples, Africana studies could serve as a second education, a (hopefully) diasporic family history. For students who have grown up in predominantly white spaces, Africana programs have the capacity to serve as a quest for a reimagined and realized black self. The field has transformative power as it is the reflection of self, the world, and it’s future. However it’s this mixture of the personal and academic that has proved to be both the field’s point of success and failure.
Like many of the scholars who pondered the future of Africana studies, I too feel that Africana studies, as I’ve experienced it, has focused excessively on deconstructing white supremacist and hegemonic thought and practice (Rabaka, Africana Critical Theory). For survey courses in the discipline this focus on deconstruction is not only important but also necessary. However, the study should move past this stasis. As students plunge deeper into the field, the focus should also deepen. I suggest that courses include the radical thought that is explored in black feminism and womanism, modern articles/videos/and or movements (digital or otherwise), or rarely called upon texts that complicate or reformulate daily black life.
Furthermore Africana study both in survey and major courses need to incorporate an international narrative. Here I do not mean a simple additive course of action that tokenizes Afro-Latino, Afro-European, and African thought (Higginbotham, Designing an Inclusive Curriculum). I mean an infusing of various scholars from these regions at the inception of Africana education. Because Africana studies is the intersection of the personal and the political, American institutions often have ignored or bypassed other texts because they see them as irrelevant to their national narrative. We must not only be cognizant of this failing but also realize that our experiences are a part of a larger dialogue. If Africana studies wishes to continue being the transformative field it is, it must implement this change. This would inhibit our theories from being too Americentric and would encourage future endeavors to truly encapsulate the African diaspora. It would also even cover the aforementioned point of finding new/radical thinkers instead of regurgitation of ‘classic texts’.
And we can’t stop there. As Africana is an interdisciplinary field, its reach should even extend to quantitative data. Similar to Psychological Statistics, an Africana Studies and Statistics course would teach not only the formulation of numbers but also the ways in which statistics are manipulated in various studies in relation to Africana peoples. The class would effectively prepare students to use this quantitative practice in future research, and further integrate Africana studies in other quantitatively drive fields.
Ultimately I’m calling for a breath of new life into the field. An understanding of the passage of time and shortcomings that feeds the future of Africana studies. We need to incorporate black women, international radical thought, quantitative study, digital media, sex and sexuality, and the arts as all necessary and integral subjects to this field. I’m calling for the cessation of additive education in favor of whole-hearted inclusion. For we are not where we were when Africana Studies began. We should no longer centralize white theory and black male radicalism in our work. As we are expanding our community our study should too. We must move past deconstruction in order to build lasting education for our youth.
Word count: 589
Works Cited
Higginbotham, Elizabeth. “Designing an Inclusive Curriculum: Bringing All Women Into the Core,” Words of Fire. Print. The New Press: New York, NY. 1995. 480
Rabaka, Reiland. “Africana Critical Theory: Overcoming the Aversion to New Theory and New Praxis in Africana Studies and Critical Social Theory”.
Tags: Assignments, methodologies
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Are Birth pills connected to breast cancer?
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Contraceptive pills are a widespread way to stop undesirable pregnancies. It stops entering the sperm inside the ovary and also invasions the ovulation process. There are plenty of types of birth control on the counter, as well as doctor-prescribed ones.
The new probe points out that the birth control pills which are commonly consumed may inflate your risk of breast cancer, some data also say that it can reduce the risk of endometrial cancer and colorectal cancer.
Birth control pills are taken orally to avoid pregnancy and hamper the hormone in the female body by positioning artificial female hormones oestrogen and progestogen in the body.
There are two major famous birth control types in UK are:
The first variety is a combined pill that consists of oestrogen and progestogen these are artificial hormones that can lower the production of real hormones.
The second popular one is called the mini pill which only has progestogen.
There are additional options, and although they may have a lower risk of cancer, every type of birth control does not lead to cancer.
Can a Birth Pill trigger Cancer risk?
According to the research, there are some pieces of evidence to support that breast and cervical cancer risk is increased although it also showed that endometrial cancer risk lowered
The data from more than one hundred fifty-five kilo(k) women who participated in the study and fifty-four different studies showed intriguing results for birth control tablets. The data indicated women who never used any pills (birth control) have slightly lower odds of breast cancer only seven to eight percent. Although, for women who are taking pills will increase to twenty-four percent. Another thing we found was that those who stopped using it will not raise the risk and after ten years of stopping the pill showed no confirmation of risen risk of breast cancer.
Another study that took place in 2017, which is called the Danish study showed that women who consume birth control pills or stopped recently especially combined hormone one, have around twenty percent more possibility of developing compared to those who never used, another important fact discovered by the report is that it relies on the type of birth pills women are taking, it can be zero to sixty percent rides on the type of oral contraceptive pill. Further, the threat will increase the longer it is in use.
In another survey from the nurse health study, the nurse participant in the survey was from the age group of twenty-four to forty-three. It was conducted to analyse the risk of cancer among birth control medications taken by nurses. The result showed that it raises the threat of cancer although
triphasic a pill used by nurses drastically increased the hazard of cancer among nurses.
It can be concluded from here that this type of pills also determined the chance of developing cancer.
The result also showed that it has decreased the threat of colorectal cancer among women by around fifteen to twenty percent.