Lerner’s account of the Grocer and the Chief draws obvious parallels to Plato’s allegory of the cave and to the experience of many people in small villages all around the globe. On the surface, modernity appears to be the access to material things. This includes new clothes, a car if one is lucky, and other items that make the act of living more comfortable. However, while these are all side-effects of modernity, I do not believe they represent what modernity is. Modernity is the widespread access to knowledge and the freedom to use this knowledge and interpret it as one wishes. By this standard, the village was not “modern” once it had one radio, as the radio was controlled by the Chief and interpreted by him as well. At that point, only those who could venture outside the village had access to modernity, the only example being the Grocer. Four years later, all of this changed. With access to a bus service on the hour, electricity, running water, and over a hundred radios, the village was no longer a forgotten traditional farming town, but a beacon of modernity.

In Balgat, everything is great when it comes to standard of living. However, modernity is problematic for some as it leads to the abandonment of tradition. This is not something to take lightly, especially from the perspective of today when so many traditions are on the brink of being lost forever. Although Lerner sheds some light on this in his account, the underlying theme appears to be that the Grocer righteously won over the oppressive traditional views of the Chief. In reality, I think this falsely portrays the situation, as neither perspective is necessarily right or wrong as much as they are life choices. Furthermore, this is not a zero-sum game, as tradition can be preserved within modernity—Italy is one example among dozens. For these reasons, Lerner is not a reliable narrator. But then again, neither is anybody else except for me—because reliability is highly subjective.