I began to toy with the differentiating factors between a revolution and a civil war in class and want to tease out the importance of civic involvement in these two phenomena. The largest, and most crucial, distinction between a revolution and civil war in my opinion is the factor of choice. In the simplest of terms, one can opt to become part of a revolution while civil wars engulf a civic society potentially against their will. This being said, a movement’s vitality can depend on critical mass participation. I think it is necessarily true to say that the choice or option to participate in a transformative movement greatly varies participation in numbers. Depending on the nature of the revolution, individuals can be offset with exposing oneself in front of the institution they’re trying to change. Civil wars, on the other hand, are more demanding of civic participation because of the nature of direct conflict and the necessity to fight for survival. I also believe that revolutions have a greater degree of fervor. We often associate revolutionary movements emerging from the peripheries of society because of their more radical approaches to instating change whereas I typically associate civil wars with a battle to find the means for survival.
I would argue against the idea that civil wars necessitate greater civic participation than a revolution. Take for example, the Arab Spring uprisings – many consider these uprisings to be revolutionary, and yet they were predicated on mass participation. The case of Egypt and Tunisia demonstrates extraordinarily high participation rates on the order of 8% and 16% respectively, which amounts to roughly 6.4million and 1.76million people in each. That’s sizeable participation and only counts those in the opposition who actively participated, not opposition sympathizers, government-related parties, or even tacit supporters of the revolutionaries. While these are only two cases, I would argue that perhaps what differentiates civil wars from revolutions (if such a distinction is to be made) does not rest on the extent of participation and involvement.