{"id":660,"date":"2018-11-04T22:48:52","date_gmt":"2018-11-04T22:48:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/?page_id=660"},"modified":"2020-03-22T00:07:31","modified_gmt":"2020-03-22T00:07:31","slug":"2019tom","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/2019tom\/","title":{"rendered":"2019 Transit of Mercury"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/nicmosis.as.arizona.edu:8000\/ECLIPSE_WEB\/TOM2019\/TOM2019.html\"><strong>Transit of Mercury summary page of our Big Bear Solar Observatory observations joint with Glenn Schneider<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_854\" style=\"width: 396px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/02\/FRAME1_AO_MOVIE.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-854\" class=\"wp-image-854\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/02\/FRAME1_AO_MOVIE-300x295.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"386\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/02\/FRAME1_AO_MOVIE-300x295.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/02\/FRAME1_AO_MOVIE-305x300.jpg 305w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/02\/FRAME1_AO_MOVIE.jpg 498w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 386px) 100vw, 386px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-854\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Big Bear Solar Observatory Goode Solar Telescope image from Jay Pasachoff and Glenn Schneider with Claude Plymate, John Varsik, and others from the staff of the New Jersey Institute of Technology\u2019s Big Bear Solar Observatory.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/?page_id=824&amp;preview=true\">Contour displays of the black drop from the Goode Solar Telescope from Glenn Schneider (From The Big Bear Observatory)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_857\" style=\"width: 358px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/02\/CONT_25-158-LIN-300x247-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-857\" class=\"wp-image-857 \" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/02\/CONT_25-158-LIN-300x247-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"348\" height=\"289\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-857\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Contour displays of the black drop from the Goode Solar Telescope from Glenn Schneider.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/U_UdsQJmk8k\">TOM2019 Questar Egress Sequence as Time-Lapse &#8220;Movie&#8221; FULL LENGTH<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/JejIV8xaWg8\">Quick-look movie using the TiO speckle reconstructed data for the Mercury Transit (From The Big Bear Observatory)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JejIV8xaWg8&#038;feature=youtu.be<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Images from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University by Christian Lockwood, Williams College \u201920<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/03\/IMG_20191111_205728_676.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-869 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/03\/IMG_20191111_205728_676.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"814\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/03\/IMG_20191111_205728_676.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/03\/IMG_20191111_205728_676-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/03\/IMG_20191111_205728_676-1024x772.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/03\/IMG_20191111_205728_676-768x579.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/03\/IMG_20191111_205728_676-398x300.jpg 398w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/2019tom\/attachment\/screen-shot-2020-03-21-at-7-24-00-pm\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-870 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/03\/Screen-Shot-2020-03-21-at-7.24.00-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1044\" height=\"679\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/03\/Screen-Shot-2020-03-21-at-7.24.00-PM.png 1044w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/03\/Screen-Shot-2020-03-21-at-7.24.00-PM-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/03\/Screen-Shot-2020-03-21-at-7.24.00-PM-1024x666.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/03\/Screen-Shot-2020-03-21-at-7.24.00-PM-768x499.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/03\/Screen-Shot-2020-03-21-at-7.24.00-PM-461x300.png 461w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1044px) 100vw, 1044px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\">\n<p>Our site on the roof of the astronomy building at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University was well-situated for observing the transit of Mercury. Initially, there was concern that certain architectural design components on the roof would interfere with the first ~15 minutes of observation, as the transit started very early in the\u00a0morning while the Sun was low to the horizon, but those fears were unfounded and the transit began just as the disk of the Sun cleared any blockages. We utilized three Takahashi telescopes; one imaged with a high-cadence CCD, another with a normal astronomical CCD, and the final with a Nikon D850. The high-cadence CCD was paired with a H-alpha filter; the other two telescopes took images with a white-light solar filter.<\/p>\n<p>Observation went unimpeded for several\u00a0hours (during which we saw a SpaceX launch from Cape Canaveral), until a bank of thin clouds moved in and began to block the Sun. To continue making observations, we took manual control of the CCDs and Nikon and increased the exposure time of our frames, using frames taken in the last sequence to approximate the appropriate exposure times of the next sequence. This period of manual management lasted until the end of the transit and produced some of our best observations. Overall, our high-quality equipment and well-chosen site allowed for a successful series of observations of the 2019 Transit of Mercury. &#8211; <strong>Christian Lockwood, Williams College \u201920<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vanderbei.princeton.edu\/images\/Questar\/mercuryTransit2019.html\"><strong>Robert Vanderbei from Princeton, NJ<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li>\n<h1><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.evanzucker.com\/gallery\/transit-of-mercury-2019\/\">Evan Zucker\u2019s web page of a people montage from Big Bear with us<\/a><\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_767\" style=\"width: 762px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/5078_25P.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-767\" class=\"wp-image-767 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/5078_25P.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"752\" height=\"752\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/5078_25P.jpg 752w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/5078_25P-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/5078_25P-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 752px) 100vw, 752px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-767\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-768\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/5x2_EGRESS.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/5x2_EGRESS.jpg 800w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/5x2_EGRESS-300x120.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/5x2_EGRESS-768x307.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/5x2_EGRESS-500x200.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>Images by Glenn Schneider with a Questar and a Williams College Questar filter in collaboration with Jay Pasachoff and Bill Sheehan. Quick first reduction. At Big Bear Solar Observatory in a dome alongside the dome of its 1.6-m Goode Solar Telescope. The Questar telescope is 3.5 inch (0.089 meters) diameter aperture. The effective focal length is 1422 mm (f\/16). \u00a0The Questar full-aperture solar filter has optical density 4.8. The camera used was a Nikon D800. \u00a0Images were taken at 1\/1600 s at ISO 500.\u00a0The full disk image was taken at C3 minus 30 seconds.<br \/>The egress limb-crossing image sequence is at a 15 second cadence.<\/p><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Evan Zucker Photographs<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-660 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-medium'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/DSC00545.jpeg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"231\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/DSC00545-300x231.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/DSC00545-300x231.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/DSC00545-768x591.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/DSC00545-1024x788.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/DSC00545-390x300.jpeg 390w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/DSC00545.jpeg 1854w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-800'>\n\t\t\t\tSony a7iii with Sony 70-300mm lens at 300mm.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/DSCN2056.jpeg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"217\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/DSCN2056-300x217.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-801\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/DSCN2056-300x217.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/DSCN2056-415x300.jpeg 415w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/DSCN2056.jpeg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-801'>\n\t\t\t\tNikon P900 at 268mm (equivalent to 1500mm with full frame camera)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/DSC01712.jpeg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"236\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/DSC01712-300x236.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-802\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/DSC01712-300x236.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/DSC01712-768x604.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/DSC01712-381x300.jpeg 381w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/DSC01712.jpeg 977w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-802'>\n\t\t\t\tSony RX100iii at 220mm (equivalent to 600mm with full frame camera)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<hr \/>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>At the Big Bear Solar Observatory, California, with the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-660 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0924.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0924-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0927.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0927-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0932-e1573629495499.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0932-e1573629495499-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0936.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0936-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0938.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0938-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0944.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0944-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0948.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0948-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0952.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0952-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0954.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0954-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0958.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0958-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0962.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0962-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0966.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0966-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0971.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0971-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0972.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0972-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-784\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-784'>\n\t\t\t\tFull video on Youtube link \n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0988.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0988-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0989.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0989-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0992.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0992-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0993.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/IMG_0993-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Thanks to Claude Plymate, Teresa Bippert-Plymate, John Varsik, Nicolas Gorceix. <\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Our team: <span class=\"il\">Jay<\/span> Pasachoff, Glenn Schneider, Evan Zucker, Bill Sheehan, Muzhou Lu\u201813<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div id=\"attachment_793\" style=\"width: 982px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/suvi_aia_comp_annotated.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-793\" class=\"wp-image-793 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/suvi_aia_comp_annotated.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"972\" height=\"939\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/suvi_aia_comp_annotated.png 972w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/suvi_aia_comp_annotated-300x290.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/suvi_aia_comp_annotated-768x742.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/suvi_aia_comp_annotated-311x300.png 311w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 972px) 100vw, 972px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-793\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Views of the Mercury transit from the GOES-16 Solar Ultraviolet Imager (SUVI) in its 195\u00c5 and 304 \u00c5 passbands, between 11 and 19 UT on 2019 November 11. (Daniel B. Seaton\/Univ. of Colorado\/NOAA)<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>SUVI Movies (11\/11\/2019)\u00a0 (Credit: Daniel B. Seaton)\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/f8NAoJFFzpQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SUVI Mercury 304 unannotated<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/xVIJDPFp-ws\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SUVI Mercury 304 annotated<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/KNuidDunrbQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SUVI Mercury 195 unannotated<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/KVcASYdTQAc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SUVI Mercury 195 annotated\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><strong>NASA\u2019s Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO): transit observations<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/sservi.nasa.gov\/articles\/mercury-transits-the-sun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/sservi.nasa.gov\/articles\/mercury-transits-the-sun\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1573890165447000&amp;usg=AFQjCNGtbDyNEOx9Xw6xCyj6-6i5wlAI7Q\">https:\/\/sservi.nasa.gov\/articles\/mercury-transits-the-sun\/<\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/AhWMOkrzKzs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/youtu.be\/AhWMOkrzKzs&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1573890165447000&amp;usg=AFQjCNE4L8M8aPowVM94V6xV7pBUt8bm1g\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/AhWMOkrzKzs<\/a><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/JejIV8xaWg8\"><strong>A quick-look movie using the TiO speckle reconstructed data for the 2019 Mercury transit. <\/strong><\/a><strong>(Big Bear Solar Observatory)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/wASPT-2Taww\">Movie From Rev. Ronald Royer<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div>\n<h1><strong>Black drop: From the Big Bear Solar Observatory &#8211;<\/strong><\/h1>\n<div>The camera used for our Broad Band Imager uses a PCO-2000 high speed CCD normally imaging through a TiO filter (10A FWHM centered at 7057A).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_806\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/bbso_tio_pcob_00415.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-806\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-806\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/bbso_tio_pcob_00415-300x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/bbso_tio_pcob_00415-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/bbso_tio_pcob_00415-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/bbso_tio_pcob_00415.jpeg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-806\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Raw frame #415 that shows the moment of 3rd contact. The time stamp on the frame is 18:02:55.<\/p><\/div>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<div id=\"attachment_839\" style=\"width: 439px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/ALfredo.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-839\" class=\" wp-image-839\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/ALfredo-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"429\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/ALfredo-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/ALfredo-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/ALfredo-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/ALfredo.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 429px) 100vw, 429px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-839\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black-drop image by Alfredo Vidal &lt;alfvidper@gmail.com&gt; Solar Activity Picture of the Day for November 14th, 2019. \u201cThe world wide home of active solar imagers&#8221;<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Celestron C11 Edge HD F:10 telescope working at primary focus with a Baader ND-5.0 Solar Screen Filter Mylar sheet + ZWO ASI290MM monochrome camera with Continuum Baader green filter from the terrace of his home in Hospitalet del Llobregat (Barcelona\/Spain).<br \/>\nThe resulting video record was made in black and white. Subsequently and with the use of the public domain program: VirtualDubMod\u00a0 uses various VDF digital filters (plugins) provided by the program to give: false color, improve contrast, noise removal, etc., in order to obtain a single frame in which you can interpret the &#8220;black drop.&#8221;<br \/>\nTraffic Video:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/photo.php?fbid=10218295151643934&amp;set=gm.2777831062228220&amp;type=3&amp;theater&amp;ifg=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/photo.php?fbid%3D10218295151643934%26set%3Dgm.2777831062228220%26type%3D3%26theater%26ifg%3D1&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1574438875465000&amp;usg=AFQjCNG57EwJCRsGvfbO8amdrkPftQf4lA\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/photo.php?fbid=10218295151643934&amp;set=gm.2777831062228220&amp;type=3&amp;theater&amp;ifg=1<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_837\" style=\"width: 409px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/Lockwood_ToM.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-837\" class=\" wp-image-837\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/Lockwood_ToM-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"399\" height=\"302\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-837\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Projected Transit of Mercury observed by Christine and Evan Lockwood in Quogue, NY, on November 11, 2019.<\/p><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/29IYVAYtz6w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pasachoff, Jay M., 2019, &#8220;Mercurio in Sole Visu,&#8221; Progetto Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro, a 15-min narrated talk.<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/From-Glenn-Schneider.pdf\">From Glenn Schneider<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyandtelescope.com\/astronomy-news\/transit-mercury-pictures\/\">Capturing the Transit of Mercury &#8211; Sky &amp; Telescope<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2019\/11\/08\/science\/mercury-transits-the-sun.html\">New York Times 2019 Transit of Mercury Article<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/communications.williams.edu\/news-releases\/11_11_2019_pasachoff\/\">Astronomer Jay Pasachoff, Students, and Colleagues to Observe the Last Transit of Mercury until 2032<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/-ari8fMyiN0\">November 11 Live Stream for Transit of Mercury \u00a0&#8211; Streaming from the Pontifical University (Thomas Puzia) in Santiago, Chile\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/web.facebook.com\/igp.peru\/\">The Instituto Geof\u00edsico del Per\u00fa (IGP) Live Transmission Facebook Page\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.slooh.com\"><b>Slooh to Livestream Rare Transit of Mercury<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li>\n<h1 class=\"title style-scope ytd-video-primary-info-renderer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1fQXxrOLdWI&amp;feature=player_embedded\">HD Livestream &#8211; Mercury Transit 2019 &#8211; from Santiago de Chile<\/a><\/h1>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Transit of Mercury 2019 Powerpoint-<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/09\/Backhaus-DPS-EPSCO.pptx\">Pasachoff, Jay M., Udo Backhaus, Alfred Kn\u00fclle-Wenzel, and Joe J. Zender, 2019, \u201cMeasuring the Scale of the Solar System, through Transits of Mercury,\u201c session ODA1 at Division of Planetary Sciences\/European Planetary Science Congress in Geneva, September.<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"\">Project to determine the astronomical unit (au) headed by Udo Backhaus (Germany) through coordination of observations from several widely-separated sites: <a class=\"\" style=\"font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif;font-style: italic\" href=\"http:\/\/www.transit-of-mercury2019.de\/\">http:\/\/www.transit-of-mercury2019.de<\/a><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Past Transits of Venus and Mercury available at <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/transitofvenus\/\">https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/transitofvenus\/<\/a><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<div id=\"attachment_736\" style=\"width: 1290px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/Image-2.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-736\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-736\" class=\"wp-image-736 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/Image-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"856\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/Image-2.png 1280w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/Image-2-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/Image-2-768x514.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/Image-2-1024x685.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/Image-2-449x300.png 449w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-736\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Credit: Xavier Jubier<\/p><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/TM2019Nov11_Map.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-754\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/TM2019Nov11_Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"724\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/TM2019Nov11_Map.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/TM2019Nov11_Map-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/TM2019Nov11_Map-768x543.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/TM2019Nov11_Map-424x300.jpg 424w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/xjubier.free.fr\/en\/site_pages\/transits\/ToM_2019.html\">http:\/\/xjubier.free.fr\/en\/site_pages\/transits\/ToM_2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>November 11, 2019:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_808\" style=\"width: 488px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/US-map-with-BBSO-marked-from-Xavier.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-808\" class=\" wp-image-808\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/US-map-with-BBSO-marked-from-Xavier-300x170.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"478\" height=\"277\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-808\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Big Bear Solar Observatory in California.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Xavier Jubier\u2019s sites<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/xjubier.free.fr\/en\/site_pages\/transits\/ToM_2019.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/xjubier.free.fr\/en\/site_pages\/transits\/ToM_2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/xjubier.free.fr\/en\/site_pages\/transits\/xST_GoogleMap3.php?Trt=+20191111&amp;Acc=2&amp;Lat=35.13788&amp;Lng=-106.68412&amp;Zoom=4&amp;LC=1\">http:\/\/xjubier.free.fr\/en\/site_pages\/transits\/xST_GoogleMap3.php?Trt=+20191111&amp;Acc=2&amp;Lat=35.13788&amp;Lng=-106.68412&amp;Zoom=4&amp;LC=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Fred Espenak\u2019s EclipseWise site<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eclipsewise.com\/oh\/tm2019.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.eclipsewise.com\/oh\/tm2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>PROBA2 Mercury-transit observations<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/proba2.sidc.be\/mercurytransit2019\">https:\/\/proba2.sidc.be\/mercurytransit2019<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Time-and-date.com site<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.timeanddate.com\/eclipse\/transit\/2019-november-11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.timeanddate.com\/eclipse\/transit\/2019-november-11<\/a><\/p>\n<div>Wikipedia<\/div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.timeanddate.com\/eclipse\/transit\/2019-november-11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.timeanddate.com\/eclipse\/transit\/2019-november-11<\/a><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Robert Lucas from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida, with a Canon 60Da with the 800 mm mirrored lens.\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/Robert-Lucas-from-Embry-Riddle-Aeronautical-University-Daytona-Beach-Florida-with-a-Canon-60Da-with-the-800-mm-mirrored-lens.-.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-818\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2019\/11\/Robert-Lucas-from-Embry-Riddle-Aeronautical-University-Daytona-Beach-Florida-with-a-Canon-60Da-with-the-800-mm-mirrored-lens.--300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"477\" height=\"323\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<div>_____________________________________________________________________________<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><strong><i>Forthcoming 21st-century transits<\/i><\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li>November 13, 2032<\/li>\n<li>November 7, 2039<\/li>\n<li>May 7, 2049<\/li>\n<li>November 9, 2052<\/li>\n<li>May 10, 2062<\/li>\n<li>November 11, 2065<\/li>\n<li>November 11, 2078<\/li>\n<li>November 7, 2085<\/li>\n<li>May 8, 2095<\/li>\n<li>November 10, 2098<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>_____________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>See <i>Mercury <\/i>by William Sheehan (Reaktion Books, 2018).<\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.reaktionbooks.co.uk\/display.asp?ISB=9781789140125&amp;nat=false&amp;stem=true&amp;sf1=keyword&amp;st1=sheehan&amp;m=2&amp;dc=4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.reaktionbooks.co.uk\/display.asp?ISB=9781789140125&amp;nat=false&amp;stem=true&amp;sf1=keyword&amp;st1=sheehan&amp;m=2&amp;dc=4<\/a><\/div>\n<div>See <i>The Sun<\/i> by Leon Golub and <span class=\"il\">Jay<\/span> M. Pasachoff (Reaktion Books, 2017; also U. Chicago Press; <a href=\"http:\/\/solarcorona.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/solarcorona.com<\/a>), Figure 1.<\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.reaktionbooks.co.uk\/display.asp?ISB=9781780237572&amp;nat=false&amp;stem=true&amp;sf1=keyword&amp;st1=pasachoff&amp;m=1&amp;dc=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.reaktionbooks.co.uk\/display.asp?ISB=9781780237572&amp;nat=false&amp;stem=true&amp;sf1=keyword&amp;st1=pasachoff&amp;m=1&amp;dc=1<\/a><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"\">Jay M. Pasachoff and Alex Filippenko,<\/span><i class=\"\">\u00a0The Cosmos: Astronomy in the New Millennium<\/i><span class=\"\">, 5th ed., Cambridge University Press, 2019.\u00a0<\/span>(See p. 154 for transits of Mercury and p. 269 for applications to exoplanet transits.)\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif;font-style: italic\">A review of \u201cThe Cosmos\u201d was published in\u00a0<\/span><i class=\"\" style=\"font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif\">Physics Today<\/i><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif;font-style: italic\">:\u00a0<\/span>Kristen Thompson,\u00a0<i class=\"\">Phys. Today<\/i>,\u00a0<b class=\"\">73<\/b>(3), 54-55 (2020). <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/physicstoday.scitation.org\/doi\/10.1063\/PT.3.4434\">https:\/\/physicstoday.scitation.org\/doi\/10.1063\/PT.3.4434 <\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/files\/2020\/03\/Cosmos5-TheObservatory2020.pdf\">Cosmos5-TheObservatory2020<\/a>\u00a0PDF<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Transit of Mercury summary page of our Big Bear Solar Observatory observations joint with Glenn Schneider Contour displays of the black drop from the Goode Solar Telescope from Glenn Schneider (From The Big Bear Observatory) TOM2019 Questar Egress Sequence as &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/2019tom\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1780,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-660","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/660","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1780"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=660"}],"version-history":[{"count":77,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/660\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":880,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/660\/revisions\/880"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/pasachoff\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=660"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}