Relativity & Black Holes<\/span><\/h2>\nSPECIAL RELATIVITY:
\nGreat special relativity applet with several demos<\/a>
\nAnimation of non-absolute nature of simultaneity<\/a>
\nTime dilation and length contraction applets to play with<\/a><\/p>\nGENERAL RELATIVITY:<\/p>\n
General Relativity notes<\/a>Black Hole notes -1<\/a>
\nBlack Hole notes -2<\/a><\/div>\nPaper announcing detection gravitational radiation from merging black holes<\/a> (with my highlighting)
\nCaltech LIGO Gallery<\/a>
\nExplanation of LIGO BH merger observations<\/a>
\nDetection of gravitational waves from a merging black hole pair!<\/a>
\nEquivalence Principle: acceleration and gravity<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>
\n(from phys23p.sl.psu.edu\/phys_anim\/mod\/indexer_mod.html)<\/em>
\nEquivalence Principle: force-free space and free-fall
\n<\/a>PBS video of Einstein’s thought experiments<\/em><\/a>
\nThe Binary Pulsar<\/a>
\nDiagram of Precession of Mercury’s Perihelion<\/a>
\nSimulation of Orbit Precession\u00a0<\/a>
\nPrecession of Mercury’s perihelion<\/a>
\nBending of starlight<\/a> – about 2\/3 down the page
\nAnimation of gravitational lens<\/a>
\nMeasuring the Mass of a WD via Gravitational Microlensing<\/a>
\nLight path animation for lensing of a galaxy at redshift z=7<\/a>
\nGravitational Lens applet<\/a> FLASH download
\nBlack hole binary system models<\/a>
\nGravity Probe B page<\/a> with good explanatory videos
\nBlack Hole FAQs<\/a>
\nComparative warping of space<\/a><\/p>\nStar Clusters & Populations<\/span><\/h2>\nGeorge Rieke’s Milky Way page<\/a>\u00a0–READ THIS!<\/a>
\nwebsite about star clusters<\/a>
\n<\/a>Animation of HR diagram evolution for an ensemble of many stars<\/a>
\nEvolution of a cluster’s HR diagram<\/a>
\n<\/a>Computer simulation of 30 Doradus, a young star cluster in the Large Magellanic Cloud, over 3 million years<\/a>
\nComposite open cluster HR diagram<\/a>\u00a0except for M3 which is a globular cluster, for comparison
\n<\/a>Globular cluster HR diagram<\/a>
\n<\/a>Movies over a single night of RR Lyrae stars in globular cluster M3<\/a> by Krzysztof Stanek and Andrew Szentgyorgyi, Whipple Observatory<\/em>
\nA beautiful view of the Milky Way<\/a><\/p>\nCompact Binaries<\/span><\/h2>\nRoche lobes<\/a>
\nClose binary classification<\/a>
\nNASA’s page on X-ray binaries<\/a>
\nMerging neutron stars<\/a> explain short-duration gamma-ray bursts
\nGamma-Ray Bursts<\/a>
\nBlack hole binary system models
\n<\/a>Falling into a Black Hole<\/a>\u00a0– a bit technical but lots of good info here<\/p>\nSupernovae, Neutron Stars & Pulsars<\/span><\/h2>\nVeil Nebula SNR from HST<\/a>
\nTechnical, but accessible article on the Crab Nebula<\/a>
\nA pulsar catalogue<\/a>
\nExplanation of pulsar mechanism<\/a>
\nDerivation of tidal force<\/a>
\nEnergetics of the Crab Nebula<\/a>\u00a0showing it’s powered by rotational energy lost by the pulsar<\/em>
\nConservation of angular momentum<\/a>
\nPulsar Lighthouse Animation<\/a>
\n(from www3.amherst.edu\/~gsgreenstein\/progs\/animations\/pulsar_beacon\/)<\/em>
\nPulsar Sounds<\/a>
\nAnimation of Double Pulsar evolution<\/a>\u00a0(orbital motion suppressed)\u00a0John Rowe Animation\/Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO<\/em>
\nCurrent state of the Double Pulsar<\/a>\u00a0John Rowe Animation\/Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO<\/em>
\nBuilding neutron-rich isotopes<\/a>
\nHigh-mass core<\/a> (Type II SN precursor)
\nType II Supernova explosion cartoon<\/a>\u00a0from\u00a0abyss.uoregon.edu\/ ~js\/images\/sn_explosion.gif<\/em>
\nThirty Years of Observation Yield Insight into SN 1987a<\/a>
\nDetection of neutrinos from SN 1987a<\/a>
\nLong-Duration Gamma Ray Burst Explanation from NASA<\/a><\/p>\nCepheid Variables<\/span><\/h2>\nStandard Candles<\/a>
\nAll about Delta Cephei and Cepheid variables<\/a>
\nH. Leavitt<\/a>
\nSchematic Cepheid Light Curve<\/a>
\nSchematic Cepheid light curves at different P<\/a>
\nThe P-L relation<\/a>
\nVisualization of the Cepheid P-L relation<\/a>
\nDescription of Cepheid pulsation mechanism<\/a>
\nMovie of a Cepheid in M100<\/a>\u00a0from the AAVSO
\nHunting for Cepheid Variables in M100<\/a><\/p>\nStellar Evolution Plus Some Useful Animations <\/span><\/h2>\nThe Deaths of Stars <\/a>
\nGOOD series of web pages covering most course material<\/a>
\nStar in a Box<\/i><\/a> – watch stellar evolution on the HR diagram!
\nEvolution of a 1 solar mass star<\/a>
\nStellar evolution on the HR diagram for different masses<\/a>
\nHR Diagram evolution simulation for many stars<\/a><\/p>\nPlanetary Nebulae & White Dwarfs<\/span><\/h2>\nA Gallery of Planetary Nebula Spectra<\/a>
\nPlanetary Nebula Shapes:
\nRoundish\/Elliptical (IC 3568<\/a>,\u00a0NGC 2022<\/a>,\u00a0the Owl Nebula<\/a>,\u00a0the Helix Nebula<\/a>)
\nBipolar (NGC 7009<\/a>,\u00a0Hb 12<\/a>)
\nQuadrupolar (NGC 7026<\/a>,\u00a0NGC 3918<\/a>)
\nPoint-symmetric:\u00a0NGC 5307<\/a>
\nOrigin of Mass-Radius relation for white dwarfs<\/a>
\nMeasuring the Mass of a WD via Gravitational Microlensing<\/a><\/p>\nStar Formation & Energy Generation<\/span><\/h2>\nAstronomer Ivan King gives one of the most cogent, understandable explanations of stellar structure ever, using not a single equation: here<\/a> it is.
\nThe proton-proton cycle<\/a> – this is a flash download!
\nThe CNO cycle<\/a>\u00a0– this is a flash download!
\nStellar energy generation page<\/a> from Michael Richmond at RIT
\n“So You Want to Make a Star”<\/a> article by Prof. Kwitter from\u00a0Mental Floss<\/em>
\nJim Brau’s star formation web page at U. Oregon<\/a>
\nSteps to Star Formation<\/a>\u00a0from Alyssa Goodman’s COMPLETE program at CfA
\nHR diagram<\/a>\u00a0showing protostar evolutionary track
\nExplanation of Hydrostatic Equilibrium<\/a>
\nInput for a stellar model<\/a><\/p>\nParticles & Forces<\/span><\/h2>\nA\u00a0figure<\/a>\u00a0from John Bahcall showing the evolution of neutrino experiments and the new agreement with theory.
\nTHE ANSWER<\/a>
\nThe sheet on particles and forces<\/a>
\nA blowup<\/a>\u00a0of the chart of particles and interactions in the stairwell.
\nThe Particle Adventure<\/a><\/p>\nThe Sun<\/span><\/h2>\nFurther explanation of optical depth<\/a>
\nHinode hi-res movie of solar granulation<\/a>
\nHere<\/a>\u00a0is a movie of solar rotation.
\nSolar granulation size comparison<\/a>
\nSupergranulation<\/a>
\nSunspot size comparison<\/a>
\nProminence size comparison<\/a>
\nSpicule size comparison<\/a>
\nNASA solar wind animation<\/a>
\nThe Sun – NOW!<\/a>
\nTour Through the Sun<\/a>
\nThe Sun’s Evolutionary Track – with timescales<\/a>
\nThe Sun’s Evolutionary Track – with nuclear processes<\/a><\/p>\nBinary Stars<\/span><\/h2>\nKepler’s Second Law interactive applet<\/a>
\nKepler’s Third Law interactive applet<\/a>
\nBinary Star Orbits and Kepler’s Laws<\/a>
\nSpectroscopic Binary simulation<\/a>
\nEclipsing Binary simulation<\/a>
\nHigh-speed CCD photometry movie of eclipsing binary<\/a><\/p>\nhttp:\/\/physics.unm.edu\/Courses\/Rand\/applets\/eclipsingBinaries.html”>Eclipsing binary simulation\u00a0–this is another site<\/div>\nTelescopes, Observatories & CCDs<\/span><\/h2>\nA Quarter-Century of Discovery with the Hubble Space Telescope<\/a>
\nGreg Bothun’s (irreverent) CCD page<\/a>
\nTelescope Basics<\/a>
\nLight & Telescopes<\/a>
\nClaire Max’s AO course homepage<\/a>
\nThe Gemini Observatory<\/a>
\nLifting the lid on the LSST mirror<\/a>
\nThe Keck Observatory<\/a>
\nThe James Webb Space Telescope<\/a>
\nHST<\/a>
\nNRAO<\/a>
\nThe Night Sky in Radio<\/a>
\nHST fix<\/a>
\nThe Chandra X-Ray Observatory<\/a>
\nChandra’s Mirror<\/a><\/p>\nStellar Spectra and the HR Diagram<\/span><\/h2>\nGoogle page about Annie Cannon<\/a>, including link to BBC radio story on the”Harvard Computers”
\nSpectra & the HR Diagram<\/a>
\nA Primer on Stellar Spectra<\/a>
\nTerrific website explaining stellar spectra<\/a>
\nSpectral Classification slide from class<\/a>
\nHR Diagram<\/a><\/p>\nMagnitudes, Colors & Distances<\/span><\/h2>\nStar Colors<\/a>
\nMagnitudes<\/a>
\nTransverse Velocity Derivation<\/a>
\nProper Motion & More…<\/a>
\nParallax applet<\/a>
\nNearby Stars<\/a><\/p>\nPhysical Principles<\/span><\/h2>\nThe Saha Equation<\/a>
\nThe Boltzmann Equation<\/a>
\nMaxwell-Boltzmann distribution demo<\/a>
\nThe shapes of spectral lines<\/a>
\nFWHM illustration<\/a>\u00a0(from http:\/\/www.svi.nl)<\/em>
\nMore on the shapes of spectral lines<\/a>
\nThe Rutherford Experiment:
\ndescription<\/i><\/a>
\nplum-pudding model<\/i><\/a>
\nnuclear model<\/i><\/a>
\nHydrogen line series<\/a>
\nThe Bohr Model<\/a>
\nBlackbodies<\/a>
\nKirchhoff’s Laws<\/a>
\nThe Doppler Effect<\/a>
\nDoppler effect in 30 mph Volvo<\/a>\u00a0(from Exploratorium)<\/em>
\nPolarization demo<\/a>
\nAtmospheric Opacity<\/a> (from JPL)<\/i>
\nDispersion <\/a>
\nReflection, Refraction, Diffraction<\/a>
\nSuperposition<\/a>
\nPiano metaphor<\/a>
\nTransverse and Longitudinal Waves<\/a>
\nElectromagnetic Spectrum<\/a>\u00a0(from Kirkwood Schools)<\/em>
\nWavelengths and Colors<\/a>\u00a0(from Wikipedia)<\/em><\/p>\n
\nInteresting Astronomica<\/span><\/h3>\nNew! Openstax Astronomy text<\/a>
\nGeneral astronomy resource for college astronomy students<\/a>
\nHere<\/a>\u00a0is a\u00a0fabulous<\/strong>\u00a0animation of the entire lunar phase cycle. Check it out!<\/span>
\n“Star Stories”<\/a>\u00a0website from the Nobel Prize organization
\nAstronomy Picture of the Day<\/a>
\nLatest Images from the Hubble Space Telescope<\/a><\/p>\n
\nYou are visitor number:
\n<\/p>\n
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Back to Syllabus<\/a>
\nBack to Assignments & Announcements<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"NOTE: Some of the applets linked here require java to run on your computer. There are well-known security issues with Java and many operating systems block Java applets, which you may or may not be able to override. All links worked as of 7\/28\/17. Course topics start from the bottom of the page. last updated […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":198,"featured_media":0,"parent":16,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1423","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/kkwitter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1423","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/kkwitter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/kkwitter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/kkwitter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/198"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/kkwitter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1423"}],"version-history":[{"count":195,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/kkwitter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1514,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/kkwitter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1423\/revisions\/1514"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/kkwitter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/kkwitter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nGreat special relativity applet with several demos<\/a>
\nAnimation of non-absolute nature of simultaneity<\/a>
\nTime dilation and length contraction applets to play with<\/a><\/p>\n
GENERAL RELATIVITY:<\/p>\n
\nBlack Hole notes -2<\/a><\/div>\n
Paper announcing detection gravitational radiation from merging black holes<\/a> (with my highlighting) George Rieke’s Milky Way page<\/a>\u00a0–READ THIS!<\/a> Roche lobes<\/a> Veil Nebula SNR from HST<\/a> Standard Candles<\/a> The Deaths of Stars <\/a> A Gallery of Planetary Nebula Spectra<\/a> Astronomer Ivan King gives one of the most cogent, understandable explanations of stellar structure ever, using not a single equation: here<\/a> it is. A\u00a0figure<\/a>\u00a0from John Bahcall showing the evolution of neutrino experiments and the new agreement with theory. Further explanation of optical depth<\/a> Kepler’s Second Law interactive applet<\/a> A Quarter-Century of Discovery with the Hubble Space Telescope<\/a> Google page about Annie Cannon<\/a>, including link to BBC radio story on the”Harvard Computers” Star Colors<\/a> The Saha Equation<\/a> New! Openstax Astronomy text<\/a> You are visitor number: <\/p>\n Back to Syllabus<\/a> NOTE: Some of the applets linked here require java to run on your computer. There are well-known security issues with Java and many operating systems block Java applets, which you may or may not be able to override. All links worked as of 7\/28\/17. Course topics start from the bottom of the page. last updated […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":198,"featured_media":0,"parent":16,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1423","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/kkwitter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1423","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/kkwitter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/kkwitter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/kkwitter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/198"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/kkwitter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1423"}],"version-history":[{"count":195,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/kkwitter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1514,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/kkwitter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1423\/revisions\/1514"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/kkwitter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/kkwitter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nCaltech LIGO Gallery<\/a>
\nExplanation of LIGO BH merger observations<\/a>
\nDetection of gravitational waves from a merging black hole pair!<\/a>
\nEquivalence Principle: acceleration and gravity<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>
\n(from phys23p.sl.psu.edu\/phys_anim\/mod\/indexer_mod.html)<\/em>
\nEquivalence Principle: force-free space and free-fall
\n<\/a>PBS video of Einstein’s thought experiments<\/em><\/a>
\nThe Binary Pulsar<\/a>
\nDiagram of Precession of Mercury’s Perihelion<\/a>
\nSimulation of Orbit Precession\u00a0<\/a>
\nPrecession of Mercury’s perihelion<\/a>
\nBending of starlight<\/a> – about 2\/3 down the page
\nAnimation of gravitational lens<\/a>
\nMeasuring the Mass of a WD via Gravitational Microlensing<\/a>
\nLight path animation for lensing of a galaxy at redshift z=7<\/a>
\nGravitational Lens applet<\/a> FLASH download
\nBlack hole binary system models<\/a>
\nGravity Probe B page<\/a> with good explanatory videos
\nBlack Hole FAQs<\/a>
\nComparative warping of space<\/a><\/p>\nStar Clusters & Populations<\/span><\/h2>\n
\nwebsite about star clusters<\/a>
\n<\/a>Animation of HR diagram evolution for an ensemble of many stars<\/a>
\nEvolution of a cluster’s HR diagram<\/a>
\n<\/a>Computer simulation of 30 Doradus, a young star cluster in the Large Magellanic Cloud, over 3 million years<\/a>
\nComposite open cluster HR diagram<\/a>\u00a0except for M3 which is a globular cluster, for comparison
\n<\/a>Globular cluster HR diagram<\/a>
\n<\/a>Movies over a single night of RR Lyrae stars in globular cluster M3<\/a> by Krzysztof Stanek and Andrew Szentgyorgyi, Whipple Observatory<\/em>
\nA beautiful view of the Milky Way<\/a><\/p>\nCompact Binaries<\/span><\/h2>\n
\nClose binary classification<\/a>
\nNASA’s page on X-ray binaries<\/a>
\nMerging neutron stars<\/a> explain short-duration gamma-ray bursts
\nGamma-Ray Bursts<\/a>
\nBlack hole binary system models
\n<\/a>Falling into a Black Hole<\/a>\u00a0– a bit technical but lots of good info here<\/p>\nSupernovae, Neutron Stars & Pulsars<\/span><\/h2>\n
\nTechnical, but accessible article on the Crab Nebula<\/a>
\nA pulsar catalogue<\/a>
\nExplanation of pulsar mechanism<\/a>
\nDerivation of tidal force<\/a>
\nEnergetics of the Crab Nebula<\/a>\u00a0showing it’s powered by rotational energy lost by the pulsar<\/em>
\nConservation of angular momentum<\/a>
\nPulsar Lighthouse Animation<\/a>
\n(from www3.amherst.edu\/~gsgreenstein\/progs\/animations\/pulsar_beacon\/)<\/em>
\nPulsar Sounds<\/a>
\nAnimation of Double Pulsar evolution<\/a>\u00a0(orbital motion suppressed)\u00a0John Rowe Animation\/Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO<\/em>
\nCurrent state of the Double Pulsar<\/a>\u00a0John Rowe Animation\/Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO<\/em>
\nBuilding neutron-rich isotopes<\/a>
\nHigh-mass core<\/a> (Type II SN precursor)
\nType II Supernova explosion cartoon<\/a>\u00a0from\u00a0abyss.uoregon.edu\/ ~js\/images\/sn_explosion.gif<\/em>
\nThirty Years of Observation Yield Insight into SN 1987a<\/a>
\nDetection of neutrinos from SN 1987a<\/a>
\nLong-Duration Gamma Ray Burst Explanation from NASA<\/a><\/p>\nCepheid Variables<\/span><\/h2>\n
\nAll about Delta Cephei and Cepheid variables<\/a>
\nH. Leavitt<\/a>
\nSchematic Cepheid Light Curve<\/a>
\nSchematic Cepheid light curves at different P<\/a>
\nThe P-L relation<\/a>
\nVisualization of the Cepheid P-L relation<\/a>
\nDescription of Cepheid pulsation mechanism<\/a>
\nMovie of a Cepheid in M100<\/a>\u00a0from the AAVSO
\nHunting for Cepheid Variables in M100<\/a><\/p>\nStellar Evolution Plus Some Useful Animations <\/span><\/h2>\n
\nGOOD series of web pages covering most course material<\/a>
\nStar in a Box<\/i><\/a> – watch stellar evolution on the HR diagram!
\nEvolution of a 1 solar mass star<\/a>
\nStellar evolution on the HR diagram for different masses<\/a>
\nHR Diagram evolution simulation for many stars<\/a><\/p>\nPlanetary Nebulae & White Dwarfs<\/span><\/h2>\n
\nPlanetary Nebula Shapes:
\nRoundish\/Elliptical (IC 3568<\/a>,\u00a0NGC 2022<\/a>,\u00a0the Owl Nebula<\/a>,\u00a0the Helix Nebula<\/a>)
\nBipolar (NGC 7009<\/a>,\u00a0Hb 12<\/a>)
\nQuadrupolar (NGC 7026<\/a>,\u00a0NGC 3918<\/a>)
\nPoint-symmetric:\u00a0NGC 5307<\/a>
\nOrigin of Mass-Radius relation for white dwarfs<\/a>
\nMeasuring the Mass of a WD via Gravitational Microlensing<\/a><\/p>\nStar Formation & Energy Generation<\/span><\/h2>\n
\nThe proton-proton cycle<\/a> – this is a flash download!
\nThe CNO cycle<\/a>\u00a0– this is a flash download!
\nStellar energy generation page<\/a> from Michael Richmond at RIT
\n“So You Want to Make a Star”<\/a> article by Prof. Kwitter from\u00a0Mental Floss<\/em>
\nJim Brau’s star formation web page at U. Oregon<\/a>
\nSteps to Star Formation<\/a>\u00a0from Alyssa Goodman’s COMPLETE program at CfA
\nHR diagram<\/a>\u00a0showing protostar evolutionary track
\nExplanation of Hydrostatic Equilibrium<\/a>
\nInput for a stellar model<\/a><\/p>\nParticles & Forces<\/span><\/h2>\n
\nTHE ANSWER<\/a>
\nThe sheet on particles and forces<\/a>
\nA blowup<\/a>\u00a0of the chart of particles and interactions in the stairwell.
\nThe Particle Adventure<\/a><\/p>\nThe Sun<\/span><\/h2>\n
\nHinode hi-res movie of solar granulation<\/a>
\nHere<\/a>\u00a0is a movie of solar rotation.
\nSolar granulation size comparison<\/a>
\nSupergranulation<\/a>
\nSunspot size comparison<\/a>
\nProminence size comparison<\/a>
\nSpicule size comparison<\/a>
\nNASA solar wind animation<\/a>
\nThe Sun – NOW!<\/a>
\nTour Through the Sun<\/a>
\nThe Sun’s Evolutionary Track – with timescales<\/a>
\nThe Sun’s Evolutionary Track – with nuclear processes<\/a><\/p>\nBinary Stars<\/span><\/h2>\n
\nKepler’s Third Law interactive applet<\/a>
\nBinary Star Orbits and Kepler’s Laws<\/a>
\nSpectroscopic Binary simulation<\/a>
\nEclipsing Binary simulation<\/a>
\nHigh-speed CCD photometry movie of eclipsing binary<\/a><\/p>\nTelescopes, Observatories & CCDs<\/span><\/h2>\n
\nGreg Bothun’s (irreverent) CCD page<\/a>
\nTelescope Basics<\/a>
\nLight & Telescopes<\/a>
\nClaire Max’s AO course homepage<\/a>
\nThe Gemini Observatory<\/a>
\nLifting the lid on the LSST mirror<\/a>
\nThe Keck Observatory<\/a>
\nThe James Webb Space Telescope<\/a>
\nHST<\/a>
\nNRAO<\/a>
\nThe Night Sky in Radio<\/a>
\nHST fix<\/a>
\nThe Chandra X-Ray Observatory<\/a>
\nChandra’s Mirror<\/a><\/p>\nStellar Spectra and the HR Diagram<\/span><\/h2>\n
\nSpectra & the HR Diagram<\/a>
\nA Primer on Stellar Spectra<\/a>
\nTerrific website explaining stellar spectra<\/a>
\nSpectral Classification slide from class<\/a>
\nHR Diagram<\/a><\/p>\nMagnitudes, Colors & Distances<\/span><\/h2>\n
\nMagnitudes<\/a>
\nTransverse Velocity Derivation<\/a>
\nProper Motion & More…<\/a>
\nParallax applet<\/a>
\nNearby Stars<\/a><\/p>\nPhysical Principles<\/span><\/h2>\n
\nThe Boltzmann Equation<\/a>
\nMaxwell-Boltzmann distribution demo<\/a>
\nThe shapes of spectral lines<\/a>
\nFWHM illustration<\/a>\u00a0(from http:\/\/www.svi.nl)<\/em>
\nMore on the shapes of spectral lines<\/a>
\nThe Rutherford Experiment:
\ndescription<\/i><\/a>
\nplum-pudding model<\/i><\/a>
\nnuclear model<\/i><\/a>
\nHydrogen line series<\/a>
\nThe Bohr Model<\/a>
\nBlackbodies<\/a>
\nKirchhoff’s Laws<\/a>
\nThe Doppler Effect<\/a>
\nDoppler effect in 30 mph Volvo<\/a>\u00a0(from Exploratorium)<\/em>
\nPolarization demo<\/a>
\nAtmospheric Opacity<\/a> (from JPL)<\/i>
\nDispersion <\/a>
\nReflection, Refraction, Diffraction<\/a>
\nSuperposition<\/a>
\nPiano metaphor<\/a>
\nTransverse and Longitudinal Waves<\/a>
\nElectromagnetic Spectrum<\/a>\u00a0(from Kirkwood Schools)<\/em>
\nWavelengths and Colors<\/a>\u00a0(from Wikipedia)<\/em><\/p>\n
\nInteresting Astronomica<\/span><\/h3>\n
\nGeneral astronomy resource for college astronomy students<\/a>
\nHere<\/a>\u00a0is a\u00a0fabulous<\/strong>\u00a0animation of the entire lunar phase cycle. Check it out!<\/span>
\n“Star Stories”<\/a>\u00a0website from the Nobel Prize organization
\nAstronomy Picture of the Day<\/a>
\nLatest Images from the Hubble Space Telescope<\/a><\/p>\n
\n
\n<\/p>\n<\/a>
\nweb counter<\/a><\/div>\n
\nBack to Assignments & Announcements<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
![Building neutron-rich isotopes<\/a>\n](\"http:\/\/www.williams.edu\/Astronomy\/Course-Pages\/nomore111\/Images\/SN\/n-processinSN.gif\"){kind=link}
![IC 3568<\/a>,\u00a0](\"http:\/\/www.faculty.washington.edu\/balick\/PNIC\/PNimages_by_galcoord\/123.6+34.5.IC3568hst.jpg\"){kind=link}
![NGC 2022<\/a>,\u00a0](\"http:\/\/www.faculty.washington.edu\/balick\/PNIC\/PNimages_by_galcoord\/196.6-10.9.NGC2022hst.jpg\"){kind=link}
![the Owl Nebula<\/a>,\u00a0](\"http:\/\/www.faculty.washington.edu\/\/balick\/PNIC\/PNimages_by_galcoord\/148.4+57.0.NGC3587.jpg\"){kind=link}
![the Helix Nebula<\/a>)\nBipolar (](\"http:\/\/www.faculty.washington.edu\/balick\/PNIC\/PNimages_by_galcoord\/036.2-57.1.NGC7293hst.jpg\"){kind=link}
![NGC 7009<\/a>,\u00a0](\"http:\/\/www.faculty.washington.edu\/balick\/PNIC\/PNimages_by_galcoord\/037.7-34.5.NGC7009hst.jpg\"){kind=link}
![Hb 12<\/a>)\nQuadrupolar (](\"http:\/\/www.faculty.washington.edu\/balick\/PNIC\/PNimages_by_galcoord\/111.8-02.8.Hb12hst.jpg\"){kind=link}
![NGC 7026<\/a>,\u00a0](\"http:\/\/www.faculty.washington.edu\/balick\/PNIC\/PNimages_by_galcoord\/089.0+00.3.NGC7026hst.jpg\"){kind=link}
![NGC 3918<\/a>)\nPoint-symmetric:\u00a0](\"http:\/\/www.faculty.washington.edu\/balick\/PNIC\/PNimages_by_galcoord\/294.6+04.7.NGC3918hst.jpg\"){kind=link}
![NGC 5307<\/a>\n](\"http:\/\/www.williams.edu\/Astronomy\/Course-Pages\/nomore111\/Images\/ngc5307.jpg\"){kind=link}
![HR diagram<\/a>\u00a0showing protostar evolutionary track\n](\"http:\/\/www.williams.edu\/Astronomy\/Course-Pages\/nomore111\/Images\/proto.jpg\"){kind=link}
![THE ANSWER<\/a>\n](\"http:\/\/www.williams.edu\/Astronomy\/Course-Pages\/nomore111\/Images\/nuosci.gif\"){kind=link}