{"id":80,"date":"2014-02-26T13:29:21","date_gmt":"2014-02-26T18:29:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/?page_id=80"},"modified":"2014-02-28T10:41:19","modified_gmt":"2014-02-28T15:41:19","slug":"table-of-contents","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/","title":{"rendered":"Table of Contents"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a title=\"Preface and Introduction\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/preface-and-introduction\/\">PREFACE TO A HISTORY OF SCIENCE AT WILLIAMS<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/preface-and-introduction\/#Preface-and-Acknowledgements\">PREFACE and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (to the first edition)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/preface-and-introduction\/#Introduction\">INTRODUCTION<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 1: The Sciences and the Curriculum\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-1\/\"><span style=\"line-height: 14px\">CHAPTER ONE: The Sciences and the Curriculum<\/span><\/a>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-1\">Science in the United States, 1789-1916<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-scienc-at-williams\/chapter-1\/#Heading2\">Natural Philosophy &#8211; For the Greater Glory of God<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-scienc-at-williams\/chapter-1\/#Heading3\">A Century of Curricular Change<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-scienc-at-williams\/chapter-1\/#Heading4\">The Civil War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-scienc-at-williams\/chapter-1\/#Heading5\">Science and the Elective System<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-scienc-at-williams\/chapter-1\/#Heading6\">Instruments and Laboratories<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-scienc-at-williams\/chapter-1\/#Heading7\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 2: Weather, Stars, and Living Nature\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-2-weather-stars-and-living-nature\/\">CHAPTER TWO: Weather, Stars, and Living Nature<\/a>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-2-weather-stars-and-living-nature\/\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-2-weather-stars-and-living-nature\/#Heading2\">Early Meteorological Observations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-2-weather-stars-and-living-nature\/#Heading3\">Astronomy and the Hopkins Observatory<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-2-weather-stars-and-living-nature\/#Heading4\">The Lyceum of Natural History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-2-weather-stars-and-living-nature\/#Heading5\">Summing up: The First 100 Years<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression\/\">CHAPTER THREE: Two Wars and a Depression<\/a>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression\/\">From the Turn of the Century to World War I<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression\/#Heading2\">Laboratory Work at Williams<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression\/#Heading3\">Laboratory Facilities<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression\/#Heading4\">Graduation Destinations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression\/#Heading5\">Darwinism at Williams<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression\/#Heading6\">Curricular Reform and the Sciences<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression#Heading7\">World War I<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression#Heading8\">Between the World Wars, 1918-1941<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<ol>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression#Heading8a\"><span style=\"line-height: 14px\">Geology<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression#Heading8b\">Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression#Heading8c\">Science for Non-Scientists<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression#Heading8d\">Honors<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression#Heading8e\">Williams\/MIT Engineering Collaborative<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression#Heading9\">The Second World War<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression#Heading9a\">Curricular Changes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression#Heading9b\">The V-1 Program<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression#Heading9c\">The V-5 Program<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression#Heading9d\">The V-12 Program<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression#Heading9e\">Other Curricular Changes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression#Heading9f\">Physics at Williams and World War II<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression#Heading9g\">Wartime Faculty: Exodus, Reskilling, and Scavenging<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression#Heading10\"><span style=\"line-height: 14px\">After the War: Recovery and Lull<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression#Heading10a\">Science and President Baxter<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression#Heading10b\">Graduate Education in the Sciences<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 3: Two Wars and a Depression\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-3-two-wars-and-a-depression#Heading10c\">The Science Club<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Chapter 4: The 1960\u2032s, Turning Point for Williams Science\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-4-the-1960s-turning-point-for-williams-science\/\"><span style=\"line-height: 14px\">CHAPTER FOUR: The 1960&#8217;s, Turning Point for Science at Williams<\/span><\/a><br \/>\nNew Programs, Facilities, and Research<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-4-the-1960s-turning-point-for-williams-science\/#Heading1\">A Redefinition of Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-4-the-1960s-turning-point-for-williams-science\/#Heading2\">New Curricular Concentrations<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-4-the-1960s-turning-point-for-williams-science\/#astrophysics\">Astrophysics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-4-the-1960s-turning-point-for-williams-science\/#psychology\">Psychology as a Natural Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-4-the-1960s-turning-point-for-williams-science\/#environmental\">Environmental Studies at Williams<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-4-the-1960s-turning-point-for-williams-science\/#history\">History of Science and Non-majors Courses<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-4-the-1960s-turning-point-for-williams-science\/#Heading3\">New Facilities<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-4-the-1960s-turning-point-for-williams-science\/#Heading4\">Bronfman Science Center<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-4-the-1960s-turning-point-for-williams-science\/#Heading5\">Williams Enters the Computer Age<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-4-the-1960s-turning-point-for-williams-science\/#Heading6\">The Growth of Research<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><a style=\"line-height: 1.7\" title=\"Chapter 5: From Bronfman to the Unified Science Center\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-5-from-bronfman-to-the-unified-science-center\/\"><span style=\"line-height: 14px\">CHAPTER FIVE: From Bronfman to the Unified Science Center<\/span><\/a>\n<ol style=\"line-height: 1.7\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-5\">The Integration of Research and Teaching<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-5\/#Heading2\">Intellectual Changes: New Programs and a New Department<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-5\/#Heading3\">External Sources of Funds<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-5\/#Heading4\">The Summer Programs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-5\/#Heading5\">The Bronfman Summer Research Program<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-5\/#Heading6\">The Summer Research Colloquia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-5\/#Heading7\">The Summer Premedical Program, 1968-1982<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-5\/#Heading8\">The Summer Science Program (SSP)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-5\/#Heading9\">Self-Presentation and Report of Science at Williams<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-5\/#Heading10\">Science at Williams vs. Major Research<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-5\/#Heading11\">Faculty Leave<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-5\/#Heading12\">Physical Changes: Renovations and New Construction<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/chapter-5\/#Heading13\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><a style=\"line-height: 1.7\" title=\"Notable Events Timeline\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/notable-events-timeline\/\"><span style=\"line-height: 14px\">Notable Events in the History of Science at Williams College<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PREFACE TO A HISTORY OF SCIENCE AT WILLIAMS PREFACE and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (to the first edition) INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE: The Sciences and the Curriculum Science in the United States, 1789-1916 Natural Philosophy &#8211; For the Greater Glory of God A Century &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":882,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-80","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/80","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/882"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80"}],"version-history":[{"count":51,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/80\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":149,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/80\/revisions\/149"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/history-of-science-at-williams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}