{"id":113,"date":"2012-12-02T23:35:44","date_gmt":"2012-12-03T04:35:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/hist359f2012\/?p=113"},"modified":"2012-12-02T23:35:44","modified_gmt":"2012-12-03T04:35:44","slug":"harrison-candidate-of-last-resort","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/hist359f2012\/1840\/harrison-candidate-of-last-resort\/","title":{"rendered":"Harrison &#8211; Candidate of Last Resort"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Harrison - Candidate of Last Resort (1840)\" width=\"584\" height=\"329\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zf2F7vxc9Jw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Chris Riegg<\/p>\n<p>The 1840 United States presidential race featured the debut of the modern campaign. General William Henry Harrison\u2019s Whig machine capitalized on emerging mass media, engaged in deliberate image-building, and used songs and alcohol to woo an impressionable electorate that was deeply disillusioned with the past four years of Democratic rule. <!--more-->Historians credit the Harrison campaign with pioneering election tactics that endure to this day. Utilization of the media, image projection, and pandering now define the American presidential race.<\/p>\n<p>Harrison\u2019s victory unfolded as a referendum on incumbent Marin Van Buren\u2019s disastrous economic policy in the wake of the Panic of 1837. Whig slogans ridiculed the president as \u201cMartin Van Ruin\u201d and framed him as a cold-hearted elitist who failed to empathize with the nation\u2019s struggles. In contrast, the Whigs pitched their own well-to-do candidate as a humble frontiersman. Ironically, Whig leaders consciously modeled Harrison\u2019s populist campaign after the successful strategies of his opponent\u2019s mentor. Andrew Jackson won the popular vote in 1824 and the presidency in 1828 with the same credentials and message: both candidates were war heroes, both were wealthy, and both ran somewhat disingenuously as champions of the common man.<\/p>\n<p>The Democratic Baltimore Republican memorably assisted Harrison\u2019s image rehabilitation by attempting to mock him as a simpleton and inadvertently birthing the Whig campaign theme: \u201cGive [Harrison] a barrel of Hard Cider, and settle a pension of $2,000 a year on him, and my word for it, he will sit the remainder of his days in his Log Cabin.\u201d The Whigs seized on the idea of Harrison as a hard-working, cider-swigging farmer and marketed him as the \u201cLog Cabin Candidate\u201d. Whig rallies integrated revivalist tactics such as a push for commitment as well as less spiritual ploys, including kegs of hard cider and rowdy sing-alongs.<\/p>\n<p>Van Buren and the Democrats halfheartedly attempted to keep pace with their opponents\u2019 innovation and enthusiasm, but their efforts fell flat in the face of Whig momentum and popularity. For instance, while my research uncovered over forty pro-Harrison songs, I discovered only one pro-Van Buren tune. This disparity reflects the broader inability of the Democrats to match the Whigs on the ground. A weak economy meant that Van Buren faced long odds from the start of the race. His campaign\u2019s energy deficit rendered those odds insurmountable.<\/p>\n<p>My campaign advertisement is intended to neutralize Harrison\u2019s reputation as a general, attack his ineptitude as a statesman, and punish him for supporting failed policies. This three-part critique is reflected in the advertisement\u2019s structure. Quotes are organized into three sections: Harrison\u2019s military history, his political qualifications, and his record. Each of these sections is demarcated by an introductory header slide. The advertisement begins with a bold thesis\u2014\u201c[Harrison] is one of the weakest of all candidates\u2026ever brought forward\u201d)\u2014and ends by reaffirming this thesis: Harrison is \u201cA candidate of\u2026the last resort\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>A slide-by-slide explanation of the advertisement follows.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Slide 1 <\/strong>(Over black): \u201cIn qualification, [Harrison] is one of the weakest of all the candidates\u2026ever brought forward\u201d (1836)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>: This quote establishes the advertisement\u2019s thesis: Harrison is grossly underqualified for the presidency.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Slide 2 <\/strong>(Harrison at Tippecanoe): \u201ceven as a military man, [Harrison] was imbecile and incompetent\u201d (1836)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>: This slide introduces the advertisement\u2019s first section, an indictment of Harrison\u2019s military record. Harrison\u2019s reputation as a war hero was his only significant personal political asset. This quote introduces the idea that Harrison\u2019s key asset might in fact be a liability.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Image<\/strong>: \u201cThe Tippecanoe quick step\u201d, Samuel Carusi (c.1840)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation: <\/strong>In keeping with the focus on Harrison\u2019s military record, this print shows the general at the Battle of Tippecanoe. The titular \u201cTippecanoe quick step\u201d was a Democratic campaign ditty; this piece originally appeared on the cover of the sheet music.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Slide 3<\/strong> (Harrison on horseback): \u201c[Harrison\u2019s] Impetuosity led him in the midst of danger and slaughter\u2026he left one hundred and fifty devoted patriots to defend themselves against a superior enemy\u2026Years after, their bones still bleaches on that fatal field of slaughter\u201d (1836)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>: This quote refers to the Battle of Fort Stephenson during the War of 1812, in which Major George Croghan and his men heroically defended Fort Stephenson against a superior British force after ignoring Harrison\u2019s hasty order to retreat. Harrison abandoned Croghan before the battle, withdrawing his troops to minimize the casualties from the defeat that he saw as inevitable.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Image<\/strong>: \u201cGeneral William H. Harrison, at the Battle of Tippecanoe\u201d, Nathaniel Currier (c.1840)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn5\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Slide 4 <\/strong>(Portrait of Jackson): \u201cHarrison resigned his commission during the last war, during the hottest and thickest of the fight\u2026leaving the fighting to be done by the gallant and intrepid Jackson\u201d (1840)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn6\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>: This quote criticizes Harrison for allegedly forsaking the struggle against the British at the peak of the War of 1812. The quote implies that disaster was averted only through the leadership of Democratic icon Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren\u2019s mentor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Image<\/strong>: \u201cJackson, New Orleans, Jany. 8th, 1815\u201d, James Akin (1832)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn7\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Slide 5<\/strong> (Senate): \u201cthe Senate of the United States immediately after the war refused to present Harrison with a medal\u2026the name of Harrison was stricken from the resolution.\u201d (1840)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn8\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>: This quote concludes the examination of Harrison\u2019s war record by appealing to the higher authority of the Senate. In reality, this quote is highly misleading: although the Senate initially refused to recognize Harrison\u2019s service as punishment for his resignation, a subsequent investigation determined that his actions were justified and he was awarded a medal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Image<\/strong>: \u201cSenate Chamber\u201d, P. Haas (1837-1845)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn9\">[9]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Slide 6 <\/strong>(Harrison as marionette): \u201cWhatever Gen. Harrison may have been as a General, he is nothing as a Statesman.\u201d (1836)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn10\">[10]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>: This quote introduces the second section, an attack on Harrison\u2019s political competence.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Image<\/strong>: \u201cThe political dancing Jack: a holiday fift for sucking Whigs!!\u201d, Robert Elton (1840)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn11\">[11]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>: This cartoon portrays Harrison as a \u201cdancing jack\u201d manipulated by Whig leaders. Taken together with the quote, the image underscores Harrison\u2019s inexperience and alludes to the artificiality of his public image.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Slide 7 <\/strong>(Portrait of Harrison): \u201cinveterate office-seeker\u201d (1836)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn12\">[12]<\/a>, \u00a0\u201cnotorious incompetency\u201d (1836)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn13\">[13]<\/a>, \u201cweak imbecile old man\u201d (1836)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn14\">[14]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>: This series of quotes attacks Harrison as addicted to political power, yet unable to wield it with good judgment. The last quote is from Governor Robert Lucas of Ohio, Harrison\u2019s home state.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Image<\/strong>: \u201cWilliam Henry Harrison of Ohio\u201d, John Sartain (1840)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn15\">[15]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>: The dark tones and shadows in this portrait make Harrison appear particularly menacing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Slide 8<\/strong> (Over red): \u201c[Harrison\u2019s] incompetency\u2014his utter deficiency in business habits, &amp; his abounding in habits of a different kind\u2026entirely disqualifies him\u201d (1836)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn16\">[16]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>: This quote synthesizes the advertisement\u2019s second section: Harrison is incompetent and unfit for office.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Slide 9 <\/strong>(Harrison as donkey): \u201c[Harrison is] one of the most profane men living\u2026an open adulterer\u201d (1840)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn17\">[17]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>-Reverend Brooks of Northampton<\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>: The New-Hampshire Patriot attributes this quote to a \u201cReverend Brooks of Northampton\u201d. Further research revealed that the Patriot\u2019s allegations of adultery were baseless. The New Hampshire Sentinel published a rebuttal attesting to Harrison\u2019s character and calling the existence of \u201cReverend Brooks\u201d into question.<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn18\">[18]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Image<\/strong>: \u201cGoing up Salt River\u201d, John Childs (1840)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn19\">[19]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>: This cartoon lampoons Harrison as the clueless victim of exploitation by Whig politicians Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and Henry Wise. A barrel of the candidate\u2019s famous hard cider is lashed to his tail. Martin Van Buren looks on at the spectacle with obvious amusement.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Slide 10 <\/strong>(Hard Cider Express\u2122):<\/p>\n<p>\u201csupporter of the sedition law\u201d (1836)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn20\">[20]<\/a>, \u201cwill raise\u2026an oppressive tariff\u201d (1836)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn21\">[21]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>: These quotes attack Harrison for two unpopular policy positions. The first quote was reported secondhand from Senator John Randolph of Virginia.\u00a0 The article includes a response from Harrison that acknowledges Randolph\u2019s accusations to be true.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Image<\/strong>: \u201cThe people&#8217;s line&#8211;Take care of the locomotive\u201d, Robert Elton (1840)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn22\">[22]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>: This pro-Whig cartoon imaginatively depicts Harrison as a locomotive comprised of a hard cider barrel engine and a log cabin caboose. I cropped this image to remove its left half, which shows Van Buren\u2019s cab crashing on a pile of rocks labeled \u201cClay\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Slide 11<\/strong> (Log cabin trap): \u201cadvocated and voted for a law to sell white persons as slaves\u2026Its passage would have dishonored the most barbarous nation upon earth.\u201d (1836)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn23\">[23]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>: This quote refers to a controversial law that would have forced white debtors into indentured servitude. Harrison voted for this proposal in Ohio, where it met Governor Lucas\u2019 veto. Harrison later signed a similar law in Indiana.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Image<\/strong>: \u201cFederal-Abolition-Whig trap, to catch voters in\u201d, anonymous (1840)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn24\">[24]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>: This broadside inverts the Whig symbols of hard cider and the log cabin, transforming them from icons of frontier independence into instruments of deception. Allegorically, this image connects the quote\u2019s accusations of support for \u201cwhite slavery\u201d with Harrison\u2019s attempt to capture unsuspecting voters in a rhetorical trap. The camera intentionally pans to the \u201cFederal bank Whig Motto\u201d at the top: \u201cWE STOOP TO CONQUER.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Slide 13<\/strong> (Portrait of Harrison): \u201ca candidate of\u2026the last resort\u201d (1836)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn25\">[25]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>: This quote reiterates the advertisement\u2019s thesis: Harrison is unfit for the presidency and received the nomination as \u201can available candidate\u2014not a suitable candidate, not a worthy candidate merely\u2014a candidate of whom [Whigs] make use in the last resort\u2014a candidate whom they dislike less than they hate Van Buren.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Image<\/strong>: \u201cHarrison\u201d, unknown (1830-1850)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn26\">[26]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>: This sinister portrait of a grim and scowling Harrison concludes the advertisement on an ominous note.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Music<\/strong>: \u201cSymphony No. 9 \u2013 First Movement\u201d by Ludwig Von Beethoven (1824)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>: Beethoven\u2019s Ninth builds slowly and steadily toward the salvos at the end of the advertisement.<\/p>\n<div><br clear=\"all\" \/><\/p>\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" \/>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> \u201cCommunicated. Gen. Harrison-and the Richmond Whig\u201d, Richmond Enquirer, August 26, 1836, Volume XXXIII, Issue 32, Page 3, <a href=\"http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10F59193A16433D8&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F\">http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10F59193A16433D8&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> <strong>\u201c<\/strong>From the Lynchburg Democrat. Gen Harrison and His Principles\u201d,<\/p>\n<p>Richmond Enquirer, August 26, 1836, Volume<strong> <\/strong>XXXIII, Issue<strong> <\/strong>32, Page 1, <a href=\"http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10F5919253D60890&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F\">http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10F5919253D60890&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/2012645276\/\">http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/2012645276\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a> \u201cMr. Hardin; Presidency; W. H. Harrison; Tippecanoe; Indian Chief\u201d,<\/p>\n<p>Rhode-Island Republican, June 15, 1836, Volume 26, Issue 8, Page 2, <a href=\"http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10ECA3AD2E6862E8&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F\">http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10ECA3AD2E6862E8&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/2001700071\/\">http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/2001700071\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a> <strong>\u201c<\/strong>Political. a Pungent. Article\u201d, Pittsfield Sun, August 27, 1840, Volume XL, Issue 2084, Page 2, <a href=\"http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=1065584027E4BAC1&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F\">http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=1065584027E4BAC1&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/2003656572\/\">http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/2003656572\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a> Pittsfield Sun, ibid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/2010650651\/\">http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/2010650651\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a><strong> <\/strong>Richmond Enquirer, ibid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/2008661366\/\">http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/2008661366\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a> \u201cGeneral Harrison\u201d, Richmond Enquirer October 11, 1836, <strong>Volume <\/strong>XXXIII, Issue<strong> <\/strong>45, Page 4, <a href=\"http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10F5921F63044390&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F\">http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10F5921F63044390&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a> <strong>\u201c<\/strong>From the Pittsburgh Penn. Times. Gen. Harrison&#8217;s Clerkship Disgracefully Obtained\u201d, Rhode-Island Republican, October 12, 1836, Volume 26, Issue 25, Page 2, <a href=\"http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10ECA400FAE5A6E8&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F\">http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10ECA400FAE5A6E8&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a> <strong>\u201c<\/strong>Gov. Lucas&#8217; Opinion of Harrison\u201d, New Hampshire Patriot and State Gazette, October 17, 1836, <strong>Volume <\/strong>3, Issue<strong> <\/strong>107, Page 1, <a href=\"http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10C288A1D0EADB38&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F\">http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10C288A1D0EADB38&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/2003664856\/\">http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/2003664856\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a> <strong>\u201c<\/strong>Gen. Harrison at Home\u201d, Pittsfield Sun, October 27, 1836, <strong>Volume <\/strong>XXXVII, Issue<strong> <\/strong>1884, Page 2, <a href=\"http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10C288CB2B229270&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F\">http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10C288CB2B229270&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a> <strong>\u201c<\/strong>Harrison&#8217;s Profanity\u201d, New-Hampshire Patriot, June 1, 1840, <strong>Volume <\/strong>VI, Issue<strong> <\/strong>296, Page 2, <a href=\"http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10C58C9E0BFD6988&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F\">http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10C58C9E0BFD6988&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=109B57FE28ACB458&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F\">http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=109B57FE28ACB458&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/2008661384\/\">http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/2008661384\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a> <strong>\u201c<\/strong>Harrison and Federalism\u201d, Rhode-Island Republican, October 5, 1836, Volume 26, Issue 24, Page 2, <a href=\"http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10ECA3FA02FE9230&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F\">http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10ECA3FA02FE9230&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a> Richmond Enquirer, October 11, 1836, Volume XXXIII, Issue 45, Page 2, <a href=\"http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10F5921D2B328478&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F\">http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10F5921D2B328478&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/2008661367\/\">http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/2008661367\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref23\">[23]<\/a> \u201cHarrison&#8217;s Vote to Sell White Men into Slavery\u201d, Ithaca Herald, October 5, 1836, Volume 1, Issue 6, Page 2, <a href=\"http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10CA8C3838B983D0&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F\">http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10CA8C3838B983D0&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref24\">[24]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/2008661363\/\">http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/2008661363\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref25\">[25]<\/a> <strong>\u201c<\/strong>Gen. Harrison\u201d, Rhode-Island Republican, August 10, 1836, <strong>Volume <\/strong>26, Issue<strong> <\/strong>16, Page 3, <a href=\"http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10ECA3D41C08AA90&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F\">http:\/\/docs.newsbank.com\/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info:sid\/iw.newsbank.com:EANX&amp;rft_val_format=info:ofi\/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&amp;rft_dat=10ECA3D41C08AA90&amp;svc_dat=HistArchive:ahnpdoc&amp;req_dat=0F4223B7E8433C2F<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref26\">[26]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/98504040\/\">http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/pictures\/item\/98504040\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chris Riegg The 1840 United States presidential race featured the debut of the modern campaign. General William Henry Harrison\u2019s Whig machine capitalized on emerging mass media, engaged in deliberate image-building, and used songs and alcohol to woo an impressionable electorate &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/hist359f2012\/1840\/harrison-candidate-of-last-resort\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":459,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26630],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-26630"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/hist359f2012\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/hist359f2012\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/hist359f2012\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/hist359f2012\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/459"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/hist359f2012\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=113"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/hist359f2012\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":114,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/hist359f2012\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113\/revisions\/114"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/hist359f2012\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=113"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/hist359f2012\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=113"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/hist359f2012\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=113"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}