{"id":21,"date":"2011-10-25T08:48:43","date_gmt":"2011-10-25T08:48:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:8888\/?page_id=10"},"modified":"2019-03-21T14:23:20","modified_gmt":"2019-03-21T14:23:20","slug":"lab-instruments","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/lab-instruments\/","title":{"rendered":"Lab Instruments and Precision and Accuracy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left\">Here we show you images of the instruments used for teaching and research. We use lab protocols, quality assurance and quality control techniques derived from standard methods and EPA protocols for regulated materials. Specialized training on an instrument can be arranged, if necessary, plus Williams College researchers can reserve a particular instrument for lab on our <a title=\"Equipment signup\" href=\"https:\/\/williams.bookedscheduler.com\/Web\/?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Equipment Signup<\/a> page.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-21 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/p-e-aas-990h\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2019\/03\/P-E-AAS-990H-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-477\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-477'>\n\t\t\t\tPerkin-Elmer 900H Atomic Absorption Spectrometer\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/lab-instruments\/attachment\/img_1533-2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2011\/10\/IMG_1533-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-91\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-91'>\n\t\t\t\tTechnicon AutoAnalyzer II\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/p2160002\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2016\/02\/P2160002-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-410\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-410'>\n\t\t\t\tMetrohm 883\/863 Ion Chromatograph\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/lab-instruments\/attachment\/p2070043\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2011\/10\/P2070043-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-382\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-382'>\n\t\t\t\tRadiometer Analytical AutoTitrator\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/lab-instruments\/attachment\/p2230099\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2011\/10\/P2230099-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-383\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-383'>\n\t\t\t\tDionex Accelerated Solvent Extractor (ASE)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/lab-instruments\/attachment\/p7230051\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2013\/08\/P7230051-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-392\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-392'>\n\t\t\t\tThermo Flash Elemental Analyzer\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/lab-instruments\/attachment\/img_1534-2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2011\/10\/IMG_1534-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-92\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-92'>\n\t\t\t\tPrecision Convection oven\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/lab-instruments\/attachment\/img_1537-2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2011\/10\/IMG_1537-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-94\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-94'>\n\t\t\t\tFisherSci Analytical balance\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/lab-instruments\/attachment\/img_1539-2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2011\/10\/IMG_1539-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-96\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-96'>\n\t\t\t\tBlue M Muffle furnace\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/lab-instruments\/attachment\/img_1544-2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2011\/10\/IMG_1544-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-98\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-98'>\n\t\t\t\tCEM Microwave digester\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/lab-instruments\/attachment\/pb040043\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2011\/10\/PB040043-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-212\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-212'>\n\t\t\t\tFisherSci pH Meter\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/lab-instruments\/attachment\/pb040044\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2011\/10\/PB040044-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-213\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-213'>\n\t\t\t\tHach Field Dissolved Oxygen Meter\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/lab-instruments\/attachment\/pb040045\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2011\/10\/PB040045-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-214\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-214'>\n\t\t\t\tHach Field Conductivity Meter\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/lab-instruments\/attachment\/pb040046\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2011\/10\/PB040046-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-215\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-215'>\n\t\t\t\tGarmin GPS devices\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/lab-instruments\/attachment\/pb040048\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2011\/10\/PB040048-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-216\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-216'>\n\t\t\t\tAquatic Invertebrates\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/lab-instruments\/attachment\/p2230102\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2011\/10\/P2230102-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-384\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-384'>\n\t\t\t\tBiotage TurboVap\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/lab-instruments\/attachment\/p7200009\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2011\/10\/P7200009-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-390\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-390'>\n\t\t\t\tBeckman Coulter Counter\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/incubator\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2019\/03\/Incubator-e1553022103273-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-481\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-481'>\n\t\t\t\tThermolyne Incubator\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/water-bath\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2019\/03\/Water-bath-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-480\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-480'>\n\t\t\t\tWater bath\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/ohaus-top-loader\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/files\/2019\/03\/Ohaus-Top-Loader-e1553022117579-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-479\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-479'>\n\t\t\t\tOhaus Top-load balance\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Instrument Precision and Accuracy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--td {border: 1px solid #ccc;}br {mso-data-placement:same-cell;}--><\/p>\n<table dir=\"ltr\" style=\"height: 649px\" border=\"1\" width=\"584\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"156\" \/>\n<col width=\"184\" \/>\n<col width=\"93\" \/>\n<col width=\"194\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Analysis&quot;}\">Analysis<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Instrument&quot;}\">Instrument<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Detection limit&quot;}\">Detection limit<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Run Precision&quot;}\">Run Precision<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Calcium (Ca+2)&quot;}\">Calcium (Ca+2)<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Perkin-elmer PinAAcle 900H&quot;}\">Perkin-elmer PinAAcle 900H<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.49 \u00b5eq\/L&quot;}\">0.49 \u00b5eq\/L<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.19 %RSD&quot;}\">0.19 %RSD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Magnesium (Mg+2)&quot;}\">Magnesium (Mg+2)<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Perkin-elmer PinAAcle 900H&quot;}\">Perkin-elmer PinAAcle 900H<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.41 \u00b5eq\/L&quot;}\">0.41 \u00b5eq\/L<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.53 %RSD&quot;}\">0.53 %RSD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Sodium (Na+)&quot;}\">Sodium (Na+)<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Perkin-elmer PinAAcle 900H&quot;}\">Perkin-elmer PinAAcle 900H<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.43 \u00b5eq\/L&quot;}\">0.43 \u00b5eq\/L<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.55 %RSD&quot;}\">0.55 %RSD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Potassium (K+)&quot;}\">Potassium (K+)<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Perkin-elmer PinAAcle 900H&quot;}\">Perkin-elmer PinAAcle 900H<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.26 \u00b5eq\/L&quot;}\">0.26 \u00b5eq\/L<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.78 %RSD&quot;}\">0.78 %RSD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Ammonium (NH4+)&quot;}\">Ammonium (NH4+)<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Technicon Auto-analyzer II&quot;}\">Technicon Auto-analyzer II<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.56 \u00b5eq\/L&quot;}\">0.56 \u00b5eq\/L<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;2.64 %RSD&quot;}\">2.64 %RSD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Silica (SiO2)&quot;}\">Silica (SiO2)<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Technicon Auto-analyzer II&quot;}\">Technicon Auto-analyzer II<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.33 \u00b5eq\/L&quot;}\">0.33 \u00b5eq\/L<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;1.46 %RSD&quot;}\">1.46 %RSD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Chloride (Cl-)&quot;}\">Chloride (Cl-)<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Metrohm 883\/863 IC&quot;}\">Metrohm 883\/863 IC<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.57 \u00b5eq\/L&quot;}\">0.57 \u00b5eq\/L<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.28 %RSD&quot;}\">0.28 %RSD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Nitrate (NO3-)&quot;}\">Nitrate (NO3-)<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Metrohm 883\/863 IC&quot;}\">Metrohm 883\/863 IC<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.16 \u00b5eq\/L&quot;}\">0.16 \u00b5eq\/L<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.10 %RSD&quot;}\">0.10 %RSD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Phosphate (PO4-2)&quot;}\">Phosphate (HPO4-3)<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Metrohm 883\/863 IC&quot;}\">Metrohm 883\/863 IC<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.21 \u00b5eq\/L&quot;}\">0.21 \u00b5eq\/L<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.16 %RSD&quot;}\">0.16 %RSD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Sulfate (SO4-2)&quot;}\">Sulfate (SO4-2)<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Metrohm 883\/863 IC&quot;}\">Metrohm 883\/863 IC<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.21 \u00b5eq\/L&quot;}\">0.21 \u00b5eq\/L<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.18 %RSD&quot;}\">0.18 %RSD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;pH&quot;}\">pH<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Radiometer Analytical TIM840&quot;}\">Radiometer Analytical TIM840<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;pH 2 to 12&quot;}\">pH 2 to 12<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;pH 2 + 0.02 to pH 12 + 0.12&quot;}\">pH 2 + 0.02 to pH 12 + 0.12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Alkalinity by auto-titrator&quot;}\">Alkalinity by auto-titrator<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Radiometer Analytical TIM840&quot;}\">Radiometer Analytical TIM840<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.16 \u00b5eq\/L&quot;}\">0.16 \u00b5eq\/L<\/td>\n<td data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;0.45 %RSD&quot;}\">0.45 %RSD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Notes about data quality:\u00a0<\/strong>Most samples are analyzed 2 to 4 times but there are still anomalies in the data that should be carefully evaluated. Sample charge balance is used as the initial screen. For individual ions, quality control and quality assurance are performed with commercial standard reference standards and using intra-laboratory comparisons. The standard reference materials are used as a single-blind setup until after results obtained. Using archived samples as intra-laboratory comparisons assures researchers of reproducibility and statistical replication.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Here we show you images of the instruments used for teaching and research. We use lab protocols, quality assurance and quality control techniques derived from standard methods and EPA protocols for regulated materials. Specialized training on an instrument can be &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/lab-instruments\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":172,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"sidebar-page.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-21","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/172"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":490,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21\/revisions\/490"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/envilab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}