{"id":37,"date":"2021-05-02T11:36:16","date_gmt":"2021-05-02T15:36:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/chin427-springgrass\/?p=37"},"modified":"2023-12-12T15:19:01","modified_gmt":"2023-12-12T20:19:01","slug":"%e8%ba%ab%e5%bf%83%e4%bf%b1%e7%96%b2%ef%bc%9a%e5%86%9c%e6%9d%91%e5%a6%87%e5%a5%b3%e9%9d%a2%e4%b8%b4%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%8c%e9%87%8d%e6%8c%91%e6%88%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/chin427-springgrass\/spring-2021\/%e8%ba%ab%e5%bf%83%e4%bf%b1%e7%96%b2%ef%bc%9a%e5%86%9c%e6%9d%91%e5%a6%87%e5%a5%b3%e9%9d%a2%e4%b8%b4%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%8c%e9%87%8d%e6%8c%91%e6%88%98\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8eab\u5fc3\u4ff1\u75b2\uff1a\u519c\u6751\u5987\u5973\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u6311\u6218"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5982\u679c\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u5973\u5b50\u88ab\u8feb\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u662f\u6700\u56f0\u96be\u800c\u53c8\u6beb\u65e0\u5149\u5f69\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\u3001\u7ed9\u5168\u5bb6\u505a\u996d\u3001\u7f1d\u8863\u670d\u3001\u7eb3\u978b\u5e95\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5728\u6f14\u804c\u5458\u8868\u4e0a\u5374\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002<a 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href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u627f\u62c5\u751f\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5987\u5973\u8fd8\u8981\u7ba1\u5bb6\u91cc\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6742\u52a1\u3002\u300a\u6625\u8349\u300b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u88d8\u5c71\u5c71\u4e3a\u4e86\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u59c6\u5988\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u201c\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u5730\u5fd9\u788c\u201d\u800c\u7528\u201c\u9640\u87ba\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u6625\u8349\u59c6\u5988<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a>\u3002\u6bcd\u4eb2\u6709\u5e72\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7684\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u4eec\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5bf9\u7537\u4eba\u4e0e\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u3002 \u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d3a\u8427\u6559\u6388\uff08Gail Hershatter\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u201c\u5728Z\u6751\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5632\u7b11\u5973\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7530\u91cc\u5e72\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u6d3b\u513f\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7537\u4eba\u7ee7\u7eed\u770b\u4e0d\u8d77\u5bb6\u52a1\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> Z\u6751\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5987\u5973\u6709\u591a\u4e48\u8f9b\u82e6\u3002\u4e08\u592b\u5e72\u5b8c\u6d3b\u513f\u56de\u5bb6\u4ee5\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f11\u606f\uff0c\u8ba9\u59bb\u5b50\u4f3a\u5019\u4ed6\u4eec\uff1b\u59bb\u5b50\u81ea\u5df1\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u4e0b\u73ed\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u201c\u5f00\u4f1a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7537\u4eba\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u5e72\uff0c\u4f46\u5973\u4eba\u5219\u5728\u7f1d\u8865\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u793e\u4f1a\u7528\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u5e72\u6d3b\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u7528\u8bed\u5bf9\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6001\u5ea6\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u3002\u4e2d\u6587\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5730\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u5973\u4eba\u4e0d\u6323\u94b1\u7684\u5bb6\u52a1\u548c\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u6709\u507f\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u201c\u2018\u52b3\u52a8\u2019\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u7528\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u79cd\u7530\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u526f\u4e1a\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u2018\u5de5\u4f5c\u2019\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u53ea\u63cf\u8ff0\u5e26\u6765\u85aa\u6c34\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u5bb6\u91cc\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0d\u7b97\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bb6\u52a1\u6d3b\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a>\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8bf4\u2018\u4e0a\u5de5\u4e86 [Time to get to work]\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u628a\u6d3b [work] \u653e\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a> 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href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\"><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/a>\u6240\u4ee5\u59d1\u5988\u8fde\u662f\u5426\u8981\u6539\u5ac1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u4e3b\u7684\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5979\u9700\u8981\u5145\u5f53\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u800c\u7167\u987e\u5f1f\u5f1f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u5979\u9000\u56de\u5ac1\u5986\u3002\u5230\u5f1f\u5f1f\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3001\u516c\u516c\u5a46\u5a46\u53bb\u4e16\u65f6\uff0c\u59d1\u5988\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4e2a\u201c\u8001\u5be1\u5987\u201d\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u524d\u666f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6697\u6de1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5987\u5973\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u9020\u6210\u7684\u2014\u2014\u59d1\u5988\u5e74\u7eaa\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u751f\u80b2\u80fd\u529b\u5dee\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u66f4\u96be\u5ac1\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u518d\u8bf4\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u90a3\u4e2a\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7ed3\u5a5a\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u59d1\u5988\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ddf\u5f1f\u5f1f\u4e00\u8d77\u4f4f\uff0c\u4f46\u6309\u7167\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5979\u5728\u5f1f\u5f1f\u5bb6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u548c\u5a46\u5a46\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u6ca1\u6cd5\u79bb\u5f00\u5b5f\u5bb6\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u770b\u6765\u5979\u4e00\u8f88\u5b50\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u3002\u59d1\u5988\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u8ddf\u5979\u60c5\u51b5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u201c\u6751\u897f\u5934\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e2a\u9ad8\u9ad8\u7684\u724c\u574a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a[\u5979]\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u201d\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba9\u5979\u611f\u5230\u8363\u5e78\uff0c\u4f46\u59d1\u5988\u5374\u8bf4\uff1a 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name=\"_ftnref13\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u59d1\u5988\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u601d\u60f3\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u5987\u5973\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6709\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6700\u9690\u6027\u7684\u6311\u6218\u8fd8\u662f\u5987\u5973\u56e0\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u800c\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5351\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6709\u91cd\u7537\u8f7b\u5973\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u8bb0\u8005\u859b\u6b23\u7136\u5728\u558a\u5c71\u65f6\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u5916\u9762\u8dd1\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u90fd\u662f\u7537\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u5979\u539f\u6765\u201c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba4\u53ef\u6740\u6b7b\u5973\u5a74\u7684\u6751\u5b50\uff0c\u201d\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u6740\u6b7b\u5973\u5a74\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u666e\u904d\u7684\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/a>\u5f53\u59bb\u5b50\u53c8\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u513f\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e08\u592b\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5341\u4e2a\u5973\u513f\u90fd\u4e0d\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ddb\u811a\u513f\u5b50\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\"><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7537\u5c0a\u5973\u5351\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5973\u5b69\u4ece\u5c0f\u5c31\u9762\u4e34\u522b\u4eba\u5f53\u5979\u7684\u9762\u6301\u6709\u7537\u5c0a\u5973\u5351\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5979\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u6625\u8349\u59c6\u5988\u4ece\u6625\u8349\u51fa\u751f\u4ee5\u540e\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4fae\u8fb1\u5979\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u53eb\u5979\u201c\u5c0f\u8d64\u4f6c\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6b7b\u7cbe\u602a\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9ebb\u5934\u9b3c\u96ce\u201d\u3001\u201c\u729f\u5934\u729f\u8111\u201d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\"><sup>[16]<\/sup><\/a>\u5728\u5979\u5e94\u8be5\u5929\u771f\u65e0\u90aa\u7684\u6210\u957f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6625\u8349\u4e0d\u7ecf\u610f\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6bd4\u5144\u5f1f\u5dee\uff0c\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u7236\u6bcd\u5e94\u8be5\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u5bf9\u5f85\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u201c\u6625\u8349\u4e0d\u5ac9\u5992\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u54ea\u6709\u6708\u4eae\u5ac9\u5992\u592a\u9633\u7684\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\"><sup>[17]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u59c6\u5988\u9a82\u6625\u8349\u65f6\u7ecf\u5e38\u63d0\u9192\u6625\u8349\u5979\u603b\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u4f1a\u5ac1\u51fa\u53bb\uff1a\u201c\u9ec4\u6a80\u6811\u6839\u517b\u5ab3\u5987\u7cbe\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4e00\u8fb9\u662f\u9a82\u6625\u8349\u56fa\u6267\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u662f\u628a\u5979\u5f53\u4f5c\u522b\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u672a\u6765\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u3002\u8fde\u5728\u5979\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u91cc\uff0c\u6625\u8349\u90fd\u4e0d\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u519c\u6751\u91cc\u4e0d\u5c11\u89c1\uff1a\u201c\u6751\u91cc\u6240\u6709\u7684\u59c6\u5988\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5973\u4f22\u513f\u662f\u66ff\u522b\u4eba\u517b\u7684\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\"><sup>[18]<\/sup><\/a>\u4f46\u5ac1\u5230\u592b\u5bb6\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5987\u5973\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u5916\u4eba\u3002\u6625\u8349\u59c6\u5988\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u5979\u5ac1\u5230\u5b5f\u5bb6\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u8ddf\u59d1\u5988\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u5730\u5435\u67b6\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u9192\u59c6\u5988\u5979\u4e0d\u7b97\u5b5f\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u59d1\u5988\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f22\u513f\u662f\u4f60\u7684\uff1f\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5b5f\u5bb6\u7684\uff01\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5b5f\u5bb6\u5a36\u4e86\u4f60\u4f60\u4f1a\u6709\u56e1\uff1f\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\"><sup>[19]<\/sup><\/a>\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u5bb6\u8fd8\u662f\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u5bb6\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u6c38\u8fdc\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c40\u5916\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u91cd\u7537\u8f7b\u5973\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u662f\u519c\u6751\u5987\u5973\u6240\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5f88\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8ddf\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u538b\u529b\u6765\u6bd4\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u538b\u529b\u66f4\u96be\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u519c\u6751\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002\u5987\u5973\u5728\u5bb6\u5fd9\u788c\u800c\u4e14\u963b\u6b62\u5973\u513f\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u8f7b\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u5987\u5973\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5148\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u2014\u2014\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u89e3\u653e\u5987\u5973\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u6446\u8131\u4e0d\u80fd\u517b\u6d3b\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5149\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u51cf\u8f7b\u4e86\u5bb6\u52a1\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8bfb\u8fc7\u4e66\u8fd8\u662f\u6ca1\u8bfb\u8fc7\u4e66\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5973\u5b69\u513f\u7684\u7528\u5904\u5c31\u662f\u5ac1\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u3002\u6625\u8349\u59c6\u5988\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff1a\u5979\u867d\u7136\u9ad8\u5c0f\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u88ab\u5ac1\u7ed9\u6625\u8349\u7239\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\"><sup>[20]<\/sup><\/a>\u6700\u60e8\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6625\u8349\u59c6\u5988\u867d\u7136\u6028\u6068\u5979\u751f\u6d3b\u91cc\u6ca1\u5b8c\u6ca1\u4e86\u7684\u5bb6\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u8fd8\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5973\u513f\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u8f68\u8ff9 \u3002\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u671f\u671b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u597d\uff0c\u8981\u5b69\u5b50\u907f\u514d\u7236\u6bcd\u6240\u7ecf\u53d7\u8fc7\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u6625\u8349\u59c6\u5988\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c[\u4e0a\u5b66] \u662f\u80fd\u5f53\u5403\u8fd8\u662f\u80fd\u5f53\u7a7f\uff1f\u5c31\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u624d\u4e0d\u60f3\u8ba9\u5979\u8bfb\u4e86\uff01\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\"><sup>[21]<\/sup><\/a> \u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e86\u5979\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9057\u61be\u2014\u2014\u5979\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8fc7\u5b66\uff0c\u5374\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\u81ea\u8c0b\u751f\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u4e0d\u60f3\u6625\u8349\u8ddf\u5979\u4e00\u6837\u6d6a\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u6625\u8349\u59c6\u5988\u4e0d\u662f\u5b58\u5fc3\u8981\u5973\u513f\u6ca1\u6709\u524d\u9014\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u65e0\u610f\u95f4\u803d\u8bef\u4e86\u6625\u8349\u7684\u6210\u957f\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u5973\u4eba\u5728\u519c\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u5bb6\u52a1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5979\u4eec\u6559\u80b2\u5973\u513f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u704c\u8f93\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5973\u513f\u957f\u5927\u4ee5\u540e\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u4fe1\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u6253\u7834\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u5584\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u4eba\u56e2\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\u5e76\u53d1\u8868\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u50cf\u6625\u8349\u4e00\u6837\u52a8\u529b\u5f3a\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ddf\u5f88\u591a\u50cf\u5979\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5973\u5b50\u4e00\u8d77\u53d1\u51fa\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6210\u529f\u4ee5\u540e\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5f53\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u53d7\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u5973\u6027\u4e0d\u4f46\u6709\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u503c\u5f97\u5c0a\u656c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u300a\u6625\u8349\u300b\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u91cc\uff0c\u59c6\u5988\u3001\u59d1\u5988\u548c\u6625\u8349\u90fd\u8c61\u5f81\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u5973\u5b50\u3002\u59c6\u5988\u7684\u5bb6\u52a1\u8d1f\u62c5\u4e0e\u751f\u80b2\u7ecf\u5386\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5973\u4eba\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0a\u548c\u751f\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u6625\u8349\u7684\u81ea\u5351\u5fc3\u7406\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u5987\u5973\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u59d1\u5988\u867d\u7136\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u5730\u4f4d\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u6625\u8349\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u6ca1\u6709\u5c48\u670d\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5979\u7684\u671f\u5f85\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6027\u683c\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u8fd0\u6c14\u4e5f\u7f62\uff0c\u6625\u8349\u540e\u6765\u4ece\u519c\u6751\u5230\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u8981\u9003\u51fa\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed9\u5979\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u5979\u8981\u6218\u80dc\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u8def\u8fd8\u5f88\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> \u88d8\u5c71\u5c71\uff0c\u300a\u6625\u8349\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> Xinran, trans. Esther Tyldesley, <em>The Good Women of China: Hidden Voices<\/em> (New York, NY: Pantheon Books, 2002), 234. \u201cThe only day a woman of Shouting Hill can hold her head high is the day she gives birth to a son. Drenched in sweat after the torment of labour, she hears the words that fill her with pride and satisfaction: \u2018Got him!\u2019 This is the highest recognition of achievement she will ever get from her husband, and the material reward is a bowl of egg with sugar and hot water.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> Xinran, 232. \u201cReproductive tools.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a> \u88d8\u5c71\u5c71\uff0c\u300a\u6625\u8349\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a> Gail Hershatter, <em>Gender of Memory,<\/em> \u201cMother\u201d (University of California Press, 2014), 208. \u201c<em>I shed a lot of tears when I was a cadre<\/em>, says Feng Sumei\u2026 <em>In most families, women agreed with the family planning, but men did not.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a> \u88d8\u5c71\u5c71\uff0c\u300a\u6625\u8349\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> Hershatter, 186. \u201cAnd yet, in Village Z, some men continued to make light of domestic work in order to make fun of the idea that a woman could do a man\u2019s job in the fields.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a> Hershatter, 187. \u201cMen did nothing during the meetings [while women sewed].\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a> Hershatter, 186. \u201c\u2018Labor\u2019 was usually reserved for field work and collective sideline production, just as the term \u2018work\u2019 (gongzuo) referred only to salaried labor. What went on in the home was not labor, but domestic tasks (jiawu huo).\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a> Hershatter, 192. \u201cAs soon as they said, \u2018Time to get to work [shang gong],\u2019 I would put the work [huo] aside.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a> Hershatter, 191. \u201cIn countless stories from imperial China, the figure of the mother busy at needlework had embodied industriousness, loving sacrifice, and suffering.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\"><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u88d8\u5c71\u5c71\uff0c\u300a\u6625\u8349\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a> \u88d8\u5c71\u5c71\uff0c\u300a\u6625\u8349\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/a> Xinran, 234. \u201c&#8230; thought this could be another village in which female infanticide was practised.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\"><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/a> Hershatter, 201. \u201cTen daughters in flowered clothes are not worth one crippled son.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\"><sup>[16]<\/sup><\/a> \u88d8\u5c71\u5c71\uff0c\u300a\u6625\u8349\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\"><sup>[17]<\/sup><\/a> \u88d8\u5c71\u5c71\uff0c\u300a\u6625\u8349\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\"><sup>[18]<\/sup><\/a> \u88d8\u5c71\u5c71\uff0c\u300a\u6625\u8349\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\"><sup>[19]<\/sup><\/a> \u88d8\u5c71\u5c71\uff0c\u300a\u6625\u8349\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\"><sup>[20]<\/sup><\/a> \u88d8\u5c71\u5c71\uff0c\u300a\u6625\u8349\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\"><sup>[21]<\/sup><\/a> \u88d8\u5c71\u5c71\uff0c\u300a\u6625\u8349\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5982\u679c\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u5973\u5b50\u88ab\u8feb\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u662f\u6700\u56f0\u96be\u800c\u53c8\u6beb\u65e0\u5149\u5f69\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\u3001\u7ed9\u5168\u5bb6\u505a\u996d\u3001\u7f1d\u8863\u670d\u3001\u7eb3\u978b\u5e95\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5728\u6f14\u804c\u5458\u8868\u4e0a\u5374\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002[1]\u9664\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u627f\u53d7\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u75bc\u75db\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u4fae\u8fb1\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u5987\u5973\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6311\u6218\u662f\u4ece\u5c0f\u63a5\u53d7\u793e\u4f1a\u704c\u8f93\u7ed9\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u8ba9\u5979\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5351\u53c8\u8eab\u5904\u5c40\u5916\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002 \u5973\u4eba\u9996\u8981\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e08\u592b\u751f\u5b69\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u751f\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u751f\u513f\u5b50\u3002\u201c\u558a\u5c71\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u6602\u8d77\u5934\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u5979\u751f\u513f\u5b50\u7684\u90a3\u5929\u3002\u5728\u9635\u75db\u7684\u6298\u78e8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u6d51\u8eab\u5927\u6c57\uff0c\u542c\u5230\u7684\u8ba9\u5979\u611f\u5230\u6700\u9a84\u50b2\u548c\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u2018\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff01\u662f\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\uff01\u2019\u8fd9\u4e00\u53e5\u662f\u5979\u80fd\u4ece\u4e08\u592b\u90a3\u513f\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u4eab\u53d7\u4e00\u7897\u7cd6\u6c34\u86cb\u3002\u201d[2]\u5982\u679c\u751f\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u513f\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5956\u52b1\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb6\u5ead\u513f\u5b50\u8d8a\u591a\u5c31\u8d8a\u6709\u798f\u6c14\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u5145\u5f53\u7684\u5c31\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u751f\u6b96\u5de5\u5177\u201d\u800c\u5df2\u3002[3] 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\u9664\u4e86\u627f\u62c5\u751f\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5987\u5973\u8fd8\u8981\u7ba1\u5bb6\u91cc\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6742\u52a1\u3002\u300a\u6625\u8349\u300b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u88d8\u5c71\u5c71\u4e3a\u4e86\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u59c6\u5988\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u201c\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u5730\u5fd9\u788c\u201d\u800c\u7528\u201c\u9640\u87ba\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u6625\u8349\u59c6\u5988[6]\u3002\u6bcd\u4eb2\u6709\u5e72\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7684\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u4eec\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5bf9\u7537\u4eba\u4e0e\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u3002 \u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d3a\u8427\u6559\u6388\uff08Gail Hershatter\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u201c\u5728Z\u6751\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5632\u7b11\u5973\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7530\u91cc\u5e72\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u6d3b\u513f\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7537\u4eba\u7ee7\u7eed\u770b\u4e0d\u8d77\u5bb6\u52a1\u3002\u201d[7] Z\u6751\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5987\u5973\u6709\u591a\u4e48\u8f9b\u82e6\u3002\u4e08\u592b\u5e72\u5b8c\u6d3b\u513f\u56de\u5bb6\u4ee5\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f11\u606f\uff0c\u8ba9\u59bb\u5b50\u4f3a\u5019\u4ed6\u4eec\uff1b\u59bb\u5b50\u81ea\u5df1\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u4e0b\u73ed\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u201c\u5f00\u4f1a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7537\u4eba\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u5e72\uff0c\u4f46\u5973\u4eba\u5219\u5728\u7f1d\u8865\u3002\u201d[8] \u793e\u4f1a\u7528\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u5e72\u6d3b\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u7528\u8bed\u5bf9\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6001\u5ea6\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u3002\u4e2d\u6587\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5730\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u5973\u4eba\u4e0d\u6323\u94b1\u7684\u5bb6\u52a1\u548c\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u6709\u507f\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u201c\u2018\u52b3\u52a8\u2019\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u7528\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u79cd\u7530\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u526f\u4e1a\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u2018\u5de5\u4f5c\u2019\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u53ea\u63cf\u8ff0\u5e26\u6765\u85aa\u6c34\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u5bb6\u91cc\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0d\u7b97\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bb6\u52a1\u6d3b\u3002\u201d[9]\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8bf4\u2018\u4e0a\u5de5\u4e86 [Time to get to work]\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u628a\u6d3b [work] \u653e\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002\u201d[10] \u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u82f1\u6587\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u90fd\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002 \u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u597d\u50cf\u8bf4\u660e\u8fc7\u5ea6\u91cd\u89c6\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u6bd4\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4f46\u82f1\u8bed\u4ee5\u524d\u4e5f\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5206\u522b\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e7\u65f6\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7528\u201chousewife\u201d\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u505a\u5bb6\u52a1\u7684\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u8ba9\u5973\u4eba\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u5145\u5f53\u59bb\u5b50\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u201cHomemaker\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u5bb6\u52a1\u5f62\u5bb9\u6210\u6709\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u800c\u7ed9\u4e86\u5987\u5973\u66f4\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4f46\u201chomemaker\u201d 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