I think it is interesting to analyze the different ways both Lerner and Tosun analyze and contextualize modernity in this small Turkish village that later becomes part of the city of Ankara. One important aspect when looking at modernity through the eyes of Lerner is to consider the cultural differences and definition of modernity that is present in American society. One flaw with American ideals of modernity and progress is that they are typically viewed in the context of societies becoming more like the United States and not developing to suit the needs of their own people and in the context of their own history. This seems to be illustrated in the vastly different accounts provided by Tosun and Lerner. Tosun has many personal issues with the grocer in his descriptions of the Grocer stands and the ideals for which the grocer stands.Lerner, however, does little to contextualize the time period in which Tosun writes. Lerner just claims that the people of the town were wrong and that they have now seen their mistake, the Grocer is even described as a prophet for the times that were awaiting the villagers. This portrayal of the villagers as seemingly ignorant to the potential progress and the subtle argument that the old ways of thinking were preventing modernity seems to fail to fully contextualize the situation in the town of Balgat. To many readers of Lerner’s argument, the logic of the Grocer’s thinking is clear, however not having ever witnessed the potential for growth and “progress” the people of Balgat reject the Grocer. This was not the villagers’ active attempts to prevent advancement only  a lack of knowledge as to what the thinking of the grocer could amount to; therefore any analysis both the villagers and Tosun must be placed in the context of the time and the conceivable possibilities available to the villagers not from a perspective of a Harper’s readers to whom modernity has clear path and definition.