{"id":45,"date":"2016-12-13T16:14:51","date_gmt":"2016-12-13T21:14:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/?page_id=45"},"modified":"2017-01-30T19:23:42","modified_gmt":"2017-01-31T00:23:42","slug":"tea-ceremony","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/tea-ceremony\/","title":{"rendered":"Tea Ceremony"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>***Final Presentation Found Below***<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Pre-Departure Presentation<br \/>\nJanuary 6th, 2016<\/p>\n<p><strong>What is Tea Ceremony?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The art of performing the preparation and serving ceremony of matcha (powdered green) tea.\n<ul>\n<li>\u8336\u9053 (chadou or sadou) = the way of tea<\/li>\n<li>Can almost be thought of as a philosophy or way of living (Anderson 1)\n<ul>\n<li>Jitsu = Practice<\/li>\n<li>Do = Philosophical meaning of tea<\/li>\n<li>Gaku = scholarly aspects<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0<em>Chanoyu = tea ceremony<\/em>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0<em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chaji <\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">= formal version (Dougill, 125)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">About four hours long<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Consists of a meal, \u2018thick tea,\u2019 a break, and then \u2018thin tea\u2019 (lower quality)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>Chakai<\/em> = informal version (Dougill, 125)\n<ul>\n<li>About thirty minutes long<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Historical Background:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tea was introduced to Japan with Buddhism in the 9th century (Teforia)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chinese monks showed their appreciation and respect for tea by drinking it a formal manner, and Heian aristocrats adopted this tradition (Dougill 128)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It began to lose popularity, however, and the practice of drinking tea was then reintroduced in 12th c. brought to Japan by monks who studied at Zen monasteries in China (Sen 11), <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Japanese monk <\/span><b>Eisai<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> brought tea seeds to Japan from China (Clancy 14)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He initially promoted tea for its health benefits and its ability to keep the mind alert while meditating (Dougill 128)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Spread beyond monks to become a drink of the upper class (Clancy 15)\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Quickly turned into a lavish practice that involved ostentatious displays of wealth (Sen 11)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zen priest <\/span><b>Murata Shuko (Juko) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(1422 &#8211; 1502) redirected the focus of serving tea towards the spiritual aim of transcending the ego (Dougill 128)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li>He served tea in small rooms and used simple, minimum, locally-made utensils, in contrast to the aristocrats\u2019 way of serving tea, which emulated the large Chinese-style tea rooms and highly decorative utensils. (Sen 12)<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Designed the 4.5 tatami mat tea room at the Silver Pavilion, which served as the prototype for future tea rooms (Dougill 129)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reduced the number of utensils (Dougill 129)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Added Zen calligraphy (Dougill 129)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Often considered the founder of tea ceremony (Dougill 128)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0<i><b>Takeno Jo-o<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (of the merchant class, many of whom were deeply involved in Zen) developed an aesthetic of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wabi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> tea<\/span><\/i>\n<ul>\n<li><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wabi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is practiced in small, rustic huts with utensils of \u201cquiet, humble character\u201d (Sen 12)<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u201cModest and without ostentation, [<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">wabi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">] combines the aesthetics of Zen with the egalitarianism of democracy.\u201d (Sen 12)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Sen-no-Rikyu<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Jo-o\u2019s disciple, furthered this aesthetic (Sen 12) and developed a precise set of rules for tea preparation, codifying it into a unified and strictly regulated ceremony (Clancy 15)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Extended <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wabi <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">aesthetic to <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wabi-Sabi <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(Dougill 130)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cAppreciation of the natural and simple, together with a feeling of melancholy at the transience of beauty. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">irregularity and understatement (vs showy and pretentious)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Old and aged (vs new) <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Believed that in his tea house, all were equal, sitting together and sharing the same bowl of green tea (Clancy 15)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A revolutionary idea given the strict class hierarchy in Japan at the time (Clancy 16)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Powerful patrons (the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">daimyos <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi) \u2192 \u00a0he became a powerful and an influential political figure (Clancy 16; Dougill 129)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tea at that time had a political function <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Used to settle disputes and solidify alliances (Dougill 129)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some, like Hideyoshi, who had a gold leaf tea room and gold tea utensils, still favored ostentatious shows of wealth in tea ceremony (Dougill 131)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">His descendents developed three separate schools of tea (Dougill 132)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Omotosenke<\/span><\/i>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">associated with aristocrats<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mushanokoji<\/span><\/i>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">associated with <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">wabi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> aesthetic<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Urasenke<\/span><\/i><\/i>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Associated with common people<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More open to foreigners<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today = 80% of tea ceremony practitioners are women<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Succession to the head, grand master position of schools is hereditary.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1587 = largest tea gathering in history, organized by Hideyoshi, with 800 pavilions open to the general public (Dougill 131) <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1900s = \u201cFeminization of tea\u201d (Dougill 132)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Studying tea became an important part of education for women <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of the reasons that the majority of practitioners today are female, although they were originally all male<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cInternationalization [of tea ceremony]\u201d has been driven by Urasenke School, which is represented in over 100 different countries and runs courses for foreigners (Dougill 132)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There is even a series of ceremonies called Ryurei, pioneered by Sen Soshitsu XV (Daisosho) where the teishu (host) and guests sit on stools, as to appeal to foreign practitioners. (Ayami\u2019s brain)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cultural Information:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Connections to Religion:<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Influenced by Zen Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zen Buddhism<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tea ceremony\u2019s goals of transcending ideas of self to accessing truth and unity are the same as the goals of Zen meditation <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Host is trying to unite with the guests (Dougill 127)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cIn Zen, truth is pursued through the discipline of meditation in order to realize enlightenment, while in tea we use training in the procedures to achieve the same end\u201d (Sen no Rikyu, as cited by Dougill 127) <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scroll hung in the tea room often has Zen quotation (Dougill 126)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Flower arrangement is like what is found on an altar<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Incense like in a temple <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Concern with cleanliness (Dougill 130)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Taoism (Dougill, 126)\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Slowing down and getting in touch with The Way<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Facilitating energy flow through asymmetrical arrangements <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bringing together the 5 elements<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wood (charcoal)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Metal (kettle)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Earth (pottery)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fire (in hearth)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water (tea)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Balance between giving (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">yin<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) and receiving <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(yang)<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Confucianism\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Places emphasis on tradition, etiquette, correct behavior, and regulated relationships between people<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Christianity? (Dougill, 127)\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Similarities to Catholic mass<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the time tea ceremony was emerging, Christian missionaries were in Kyoto \u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Cultural Significance of Tea Ceremony:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Personal meaning &#8211; for the host:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mental discipline (JNTO)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Etiquette training (Dougill 124)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A way to cultivate certain states of mind<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Peace of mind (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prideaux<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The calm, content, and simplicity of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">wabi<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A form of mindfulness (Dougill 124)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zen practice (Dougill 124) <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Path to spiritual transcendence <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Strive to connect with the deep essence or inner nature of things<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cBy repeating the same polished actions over and over again, fitting yourself into a pattern, you approach the core of yourself\u201d (Sen Souoku, as cited in Dougill 127)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Meaning for the guests:\n<ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tea room offering sanctuary or haven (Prideaux)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A \u201crespite\u201d from the demands and concerns of the outside world and modern life (Clancy 17)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A cultural tradition \u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For Japanese, entering the tea room can be \u201ca return to the heart of their culture, a journey back to their cultural identity\u201d (Clancy 17)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ritual (Dougill 124)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Performance of grace, discipline, and form (JNTO)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cSocial gathering\u201d (Dougill 124)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bringing together host and guests<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cShared communion\u201d (Dougill 125)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marking the seasons (Dougill 124)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A celebration or special occasion<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ichigo ichie <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">= \u201cJust this one meeting\u201d or \u201cThis time only\u201d <\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Rikyu (founder of modern schools of tea) identified the spirit of chadou in four basic principles: (Sen, 13)\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Harmony (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u548c, Wa)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Respect (\u656c ,Kei)<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Purity\u00a0(\u6e05 , Sei)<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Tranquility (\u5bc2, Jaku)\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These four rules underlie all the practical rules of tea and represent the highest ideals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">They make the foundation for the philosophy of practicing tea ceremony.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Principles of the way of tea are \u201cdirected toward all of one\u2019s existence,\u201d (Sen, 11)\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cIn practice, the test lies in meeting each occurrence of each day with a clear mind, in a composed state.\u201d (11)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The manner of performing tea ceremony <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Intentionality \/ Deliberateness<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sincerity <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Simplicity <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Precision<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cleanliness <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Attention to detail <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0The\u00a0aesthetics of tea ceremony (especially the utensils) (Clancy 16)\n<ul>\n<li><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wabi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> = \u201crustic beauty\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sabi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> = \u201celegant simplicity\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shibui<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> = \u201cunderstated tastefulness\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yugen<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> = \u201cvague mysteriousness\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aware<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> = \u201ca deep response to the passing of beauty\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Miyabi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> = \u201crefined sophistication\u201d <\/span><\/li>\n<li><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shin-gyo-so <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">= levels of formality; formal, semi-formal, informal <\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Appealing to and stimulating the senses (Dougill 125)\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sound = the quiet \u2192 more aware of sounds; murmur of boiling water, sounds like whispering wind because bits of iron are placed in the bottom of the kettle (Dougill 126) <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Taste = the bitter tea, the sweet confections<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Smell = the incense<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sight = ceramics, hanging scroll, flower arrangement; sculpted ash in the hearth <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Touch = the warm ceramic bowl with the tea<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Technical Information:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>The Format of Tea Ceremony:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Preparations:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Choosing a theme<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Often related to the time of year<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reflected in the host\u2019s outfit, the confections, the ceramics, the hanging scroll, the flower arrangement <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The General Procedure:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests (Okyakusan) seated in tea room in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">seiza<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> style, with legs folded underneath them <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Host (Teishu)\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enters, kneels, bows, sits in front of kettle<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Takes a cloth from belt and folds it in a precise way<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Purifies the tea utensils and tea container symbolically <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scoops powdered green tea into a bowl<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Uses a bamboo ladle to add hot water<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Whisks the tea<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Places the prepared bowl of tea on the floor for the first guest<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_149\" style=\"width: 426px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-149\" class=\" wp-image-149\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-01-06-at-11.37.01-AM-238x300.png\" alt=\"Source: Japan National Tourism Organization http:\/\/www.jnto.go.jp\/eng\/indepth\/cultural\/experience\/f.html\" width=\"416\" height=\"524\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-149\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Japan National Tourism Organization http:\/\/www.jnto.go.jp\/eng\/indepth\/cultural\/experience\/f.html<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">First guest = guest with the most knowledge of tea ceremony (Dougill 125)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Usually receives confectionaries to sweeten the palate before the bitter tea. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bows in thanks for the sweets and acknowledges their being the first to receive the confections, the second guest will tell or indicate them to go ahead. (This is repeated by the following guests)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bows in thanks for the tea and acknowledges their being the first to drink, the second guest will tell or indicate to them to go ahead. (This is all repeated by the following guests)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Takes the bowl and holds it in a certain way (right hand around the bowl; left hand underneath) <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Raises it to the brow as a sign of respect<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Turns it clockwise two times, leaving the decorating facing away from him\/her (only for Urasenke, this depends on the school)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Examination, admiration, and discussion of the utensils and the wall-hanging (Dougill 125)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Discussion of the utensils, wall hanging, and flower arrangement usually entail questions such as asking for the name of the piece, the artisan who crafted the piece, the make of the material, and why the teishu selected it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_150\" style=\"width: 605px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-150\" class=\" wp-image-150\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-01-06-at-11.37.31-AM-300x168.png\" alt=\"Source: Japan National Tourism Organization http:\/\/www.jnto.go.jp\/eng\/indepth\/cultural\/experience\/f.html\" width=\"595\" height=\"333\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-150\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Japan National Tourism Organization http:\/\/www.jnto.go.jp\/eng\/indepth\/cultural\/experience\/f.html<\/p><\/div>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Tea Garden:<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_154\" style=\"width: 215px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-154\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-154\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-01-06-at-11.41.30-AM-205x300.png\" alt=\"Source: &quot;Japanese Tea Ceremony&quot; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_tea_ceremony#\/media\/File:Adachi_Museum_of_Art11s3.jpg \" width=\"205\" height=\"300\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-154\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: &#8220;Japanese Tea Ceremony&#8221; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_tea_ceremony#\/media\/File:Adachi_Museum_of_Art11s3.jpg<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_153\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-153\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-153\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-01-06-at-11.41.16-AM-300x165.png\" alt=\"Source: &quot;Japanese Tea Ceremony&quot; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_tea_ceremony#\/media\/File:Tea_House_and_Roji_at_the_Adachi_Museum_of_Art.jpg \" width=\"300\" height=\"165\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-153\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: &#8220;Japanese Tea Ceremony&#8221;<br \/>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_tea_ceremony#\/media\/File:Tea_House_and_Roji_at_the_Adachi_Museum_of_Art.jpg<\/p><\/div>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Tea Room (Chashitsu):<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parts of the room:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nijiri-guchi =<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> small door <\/span><\/i>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Since guests must stoop to enter, they are forced to humble themselves<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Creates a sense that everyone is equal<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0<i>Tokonoma <\/i>= alcove where a scroll is hung (Dougill 124)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Design:\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Small room<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Generally, 4.5 tatami mats (Dougill, 124)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Simple and rustic (Clancy 17)<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thatched roof <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unadorned clay walls<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hearth or hanging kettle<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Simple flower arrangement <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_152\" style=\"width: 239px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-152\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-152\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-01-06-at-11.41.03-AM-229x300.png\" alt=\"Source: &quot;Japanese Tea Ceremony&quot; https:\/\/s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com\/736x\/32\/e0\/04\/32e004ec3772578a60c46e5b042191cb.jpg \" width=\"229\" height=\"300\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-152\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: &#8220;Japanese Tea Ceremony&#8221;<br \/>https:\/\/s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com\/736x\/32\/e0\/04\/32e004ec3772578a60c46e5b042191cb.jpg<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_151\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-151\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-151\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-01-06-at-11.40.48-AM-300x282.png\" alt=\"Source: Japan National Tourism Organization http:\/\/www.jnto.go.jp\/eng\/indepth\/cultural\/experience\/f.html\" width=\"300\" height=\"282\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-151\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Japan National Tourism Organization http:\/\/www.jnto.go.jp\/eng\/indepth\/cultural\/experience\/f.html<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Utensils (Chaki, \u8336\u5668; more colloquially Odougu,\u00a0<\/span><\/i>\u304a\u9053\u5177<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">):<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_167\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-167\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-167\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-01-06-at-12.02.45-PM-300x199.png\" alt=\"Chashaku (\u8336\u6753), a tea scoop, usually made of bamboo. http:\/\/www.hibiki-an.com\/product_info.php\/products_id\/355\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-167\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Chashaku<\/em> (\u8336\u6753), a tea scoop, usually made of bamboo.<br \/>http:\/\/www.hibiki-an.com\/product_info.php\/products_id\/355<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_170\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-170\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-170\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-01-06-at-12.04.44-PM-300x174.png\" alt=\"Hishaku (\u6753) http:\/\/www.nipponandco.com\/blog\/?p=360\" width=\"300\" height=\"174\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-170\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Hishaku<\/em> (\u6753), a ladle for hot and cold water, usually made of bamboo<br \/>http:\/\/www.nipponandco.com\/blog\/?p=360<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_173\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-173\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-173\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-01-06-at-12.10.55-PM-300x227.png\" alt=\"Chawan (\u8336\u7897), the tea bowl, usually made through different types and styles of ceramics http:\/\/www.hibiki-an.com\/product_info.php\/products_id\/548\" width=\"300\" height=\"227\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-173\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Chawan<\/em> (\u8336\u7897), the tea bowl, usually made through different types and styles of ceramics<br \/>http:\/\/www.hibiki-an.com\/product_info.php\/products_id\/548<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_174\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-174\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-174\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-01-06-at-12.13.20-PM-300x216.png\" alt=\"A different style of chawan http:\/\/www.tablinstore.info\/product\/471 \" width=\"300\" height=\"216\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-174\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A different style of <em>chawan<\/em><br \/>http:\/\/www.tablinstore.info\/product\/471<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_175\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-175\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-175\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-01-06-at-12.15.55-PM-300x267.png\" alt=\"Chasen (\u8336\u7b4c), is the tea whisk, usually made of bamboo https:\/\/samuraibuyer.jp\/tw\/item\/detail.php?item_cd=honjien:10001159\" width=\"300\" height=\"267\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-175\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Chasen<\/em> (\u8336\u7b4c), is the tea whisk, usually made of bamboo<br \/>https:\/\/samuraibuyer.jp\/tw\/item\/detail.php?item_cd=honjien:10001159<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_176\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-176\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-176\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-01-06-at-12.15.04-PM-300x159.png\" alt=\"Different styles of chasen http:\/\/jpninfo.com\/59920 \" width=\"300\" height=\"159\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-176\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Different styles of <em>chasen<\/em><br \/>http:\/\/jpninfo.com\/59920<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_180\" style=\"width: 235px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-180\" class=\"size-full wp-image-180\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-01-06-at-12.19.35-PM.png\" alt=\"Cha-ire (\u8336\u5165), is the container in which matcha is put for the ceremony http:\/\/cameronjcampbell.name\/Tier2\/Chadogu\/Chaire\/Chaire.htm#3 \" width=\"225\" height=\"264\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-180\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Cha-ire<\/em> (\u8336\u5165), is the container in which matcha is put for the ceremony<br \/>http:\/\/cameronjcampbell.name\/Tier2\/Chadogu\/Chaire\/Chaire.htm#3<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_183\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-183\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-183\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-01-06-at-12.26.34-PM-300x258.png\" alt=\"Cha-ire are generally put inside a silk bag until taken out during the ceremony.\" width=\"300\" height=\"258\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-183\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Cha-ire<\/em> are generally put inside a silk bag until taken out during the ceremony.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_182\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-182\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-182\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-01-06-at-12.24.04-PM-300x251.png\" alt=\"Natsume (\u68d7) is the cha-ire for usucha (light tea) powder http:\/\/item.rakuten.co.jp\/honjien\/001-yo-kuromuji\/\" width=\"300\" height=\"251\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-182\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Natsume<\/em> (\u68d7) is the <em>cha-ire<\/em> for <em>usucha<\/em> (light tea) powder<br \/>http:\/\/item.rakuten.co.jp\/honjien\/001-yo-kuromuji\/<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_184\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-184\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-184\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-01-06-at-12.28.32-PM-300x229.png\" alt=\"Chakin (\u8336\u5dfe) is the cloth that is moistened and used to symbolically purify the chawan. http:\/\/global.rakuten.com\/zh-cn\/store\/jubishi\/item\/550406\/?s-id=borderless_recommend_item_zh-cn \" width=\"300\" height=\"229\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-184\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Chakin<\/em> (\u8336\u5dfe) is the cloth that is moistened and used to symbolically purify the chawan.<br \/>http:\/\/global.rakuten.com\/zh-cn\/store\/jubishi\/item\/550406\/?s-id=borderless_recommend_item_zh-cn<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_185\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-185\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-185\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-01-06-at-12.32.20-PM-300x190.png\" alt=\"Fukusa (\u5e1b\u7d17) is the silk cloth which is used to symbolically purify most utensils and to pick up the hot lid of pots. A teishu carried one (1). The three pictures here are different colors, as men and women, as well as different schools, carry different colors. http:\/\/global.rakuten.com\/zh-cn\/store\/auc-houkouen-tea\/item\/sfu-0005\/\" width=\"300\" height=\"190\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-185\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Fukusa<\/em> (\u5e1b\u7d17) is the silk cloth which is used to symbolically purify most utensils and to pick up the hot lid of pots. A <em>teishu<\/em> carried one (1). The three pictures here are different colors, as men and women, as well as different schools, carry different colors.<br \/>http:\/\/global.rakuten.com\/zh-cn\/store\/auc-houkouen-tea\/item\/sfu-0005\/<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_166\" style=\"width: 598px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-166\" class=\" wp-image-166\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-01-06-at-11.59.27-AM-300x203.png\" alt=\"A chawan, chasen, chashaku, and natsume with matcha formed inside to look like a mountain (as is traditionally done). http:\/\/jpninfo.com\/59920 \" width=\"588\" height=\"398\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-166\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A <em>chawan<\/em>, <em>chasen, chashaku<\/em>, and <em>natsume<\/em> with <em>matcha<\/em>\u00a0placed inside to look like a mountain (as is traditionally done).<br \/>http:\/\/jpninfo.com\/59920<\/p><\/div>\n<p><em>Tea Ceremony Today:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Somewhat of a dying art because of intensity of training, length of traditional ceremony, and inaccessibility <\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Typically performed &#8212;-to mark seasonal changes and for special celebrations&#8212;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A significant percent of Japan\u2019s population has not experienced tea ceremony <\/span><\/li>\n<li>With Urasenke as the most open of schools, foreigners and tourists have multiple avenues through which to explore tea ceremony.\n<ul>\n<li>Urasenke has schools around the world, including in the US.<\/li>\n<li>Urasenke also has a program in Kyoto called &#8220;Midori-kai&#8221; where foreigners intensely study tea ceremony for one year. It is not an easy program!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Growing popularity of matcha, mainly for its health benefits<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We can see some of class issues that arise around tea ceremony<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li>It can be expensive to take lessons, depending on the teacher and location.<\/li>\n<li>If you purchase your own utensils, kimono, etc., the cost can increase exponentially.<\/li>\n<li>Certainly a legacy of the lavish, elite world of tea.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Background Information on Artisan Dairiku Amae:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.totousha.com\/dairik-amae\/<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">His main profession is architecture.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">His passion\/interest is in the promotion of Japanese culture in daily life. He does this through:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Coordinating programs, creating webpages, taking photos, and recording (in the archival sense)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He calls this his \u201clife\u2019s work\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He studies under the Urasenke school of tea (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u88cf\u5343\u5bb6)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He has been studying for six years (so nine years by now)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He no longer goes to lessons regularly, but before he used to go every Sunday at 1pm &#8211; 5pm.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He originally began taking tea lessons as an extension of his interest in traditional architecture.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He thought that if he\u2019d design tea houses, he should also know how tea houses are used <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Once he started practicing tea, he realized how important it was to his daily life<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He would come to lessons feeling stressed and worrying about different things, like exams, but once he began his lesson, he would focus so intently on performing the ceremony in an exact fashion that he would forget about his stress and worries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rather he would feel and think, \u201cWow, I am just drinking tea right now.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">And then later would feel his mind being \u201creset.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He currently lives <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">in<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Totousha (the tea house) with two other individuals, living a life through tea. (as of 2014)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In describing moments he has those \u201cmind resets,\u201d he says they happen in moments that are within the room performing, but more often than not, these moments of clarity come when he is in the mizuya (room you prepare everything in, usually adjacent to the tea room), sitting and preparing to move on to the next section of the ceremony. He describes a moment of tension that occurs right before going on &#8212; he wouldn\u2019t go on and be like \u201clet\u2019s just wing it,\u201d he creates this self-tension for the purpose of tea.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He says he cannot count such moments of clarity because there have been that many!<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He finishes the interview by explaining how he wants to see tea in everyday life more casually and wants people without a tea background to be able to experience tea through him.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He speaks of beauty and tea as opening the eyes. He says he could see beautiful things when he was younger, but he was not conscious of it.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Japanese Chado Matcha Green Tea Ceremony #TeaStories | TEALEAVES\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fmukjUoevf4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>A traditional tea ceremony.<\/p>\n<p>Compare the traditional style to the &#8220;kagocha&#8221; style that Dairiku Amae uses:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"One day of Kamo-cha sessionII  \/ \u9d28\u8336 \u4e8c\u670d\u76ee\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/95968185?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>There is an obvious difference, especially in how Dairiku Amae is trying to spread tea to anyone who is willing to try it. We plan to further explore this idea in the interview with him.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Interview Questions for Mr. Dairuku Amae:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Background:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When did you first start studying tea ceremony?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Where are you originally from?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How did you become interested in it?\/ Why did you decide to make tea your life\u2019s focus?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What was your training like? Do you still go to Urasenke lessons?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Were there any moments of clarity or realization?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Did you focus on anything specific during your training besides architecture?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How often do you perform tea ceremony?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Whom do you typically perform it for? Who\/what sorts of people are your guests?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For what reason\/ occasion?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In your 2014 interview with the Totousha website, you mentioned that you have \u201cmind resets\u201d in the mizuya most often, but also while practicing and performing. Can you describe for us what that\u2019s like?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How do they come to you?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Is that the main focus of tea ceremony to you?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How would you describe the place\/ role of tea ceremony in Japan today? (<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Is it a necessary part of preserving past?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Is it an important part of life today? <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Is tea ceremony still relevant? <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What do you think should be its place? (ie should it be more prominent, etc)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Personal: <\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In our research, we found many writings mentioning the \u201cfeminization\u201d of tea. Does gender matter in tea ceremony?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What does tea ceremony mean to you?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In our research, we found that Zen Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, and possibly even Christianity were often referred to as being adjacent to, within, or even the core of tea ceremony. Would you agree with that?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Do you consider tea ceremony spiritual or secular?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Do you consider it as a part of national identity?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Why do you do tea ceremony? What do you hope to achieve with tea ceremony?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Do you do it for yourself or for your guests?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While you have trained in the Urasenke school, you note that you are trying to make tea more accessible to others. One way you seem to do this is your \u201ckagocha\u201d series. How would you say that your (style of) tea ceremony compares to others? Do you identify with any particular school? <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Are there personal elements that you\u2019ve added or aspects that you\u2019ve modified? If so, why?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In you 2014 interview, you mentioned that beauty was something that opens the yes, but also that one needs to consciously open their eyes to see beauty. Can you elaborate on this in the context of tea?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How do you understand beauty\/what does it mean to you? What makes something beautiful? <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How does tea ceremony affect the way that you live? Your day to day life and interactions with the world? <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Has tea ceremony affected how you think about yourself? <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What distinguishes tea ceremony from just making a cup of tea? Where is the line?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Do you drink other types of tea (ie leaf tea)? Do you drink tea without tea ceremony?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Modernity and tradition:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Do you think that there is an essential core of tea ceremony?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To what extent is tea ceremony about\/defined by the rules, rituals, and procedures?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To what extent can you alter the rules, rituals, etc and still have it be tea ceremony? If you change it, does it lose its meaning?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Do you consider your tea ceremony traditional?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How do you relate to the past tea masters? <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Do you think tea ceremony does or can reflect modern life? Respond to it? <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Is there a modern tea ceremony\/ it possible to have a modern tea ceremony?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What does that mean to you?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(How) do you respond to modern life with your tea ceremony?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How do you feel about all of the codified rules, rituals, and traditions of tea ceremony?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Are they limiting? (vs Taoist idea of change)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can you still be creative?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Do you feel inspired by them? Burdened?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How much do you feel that you are able to move away from or alter those rituals and rules?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Are you able to find a balance between tradition and innovation? <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Between tradition and individual\/personal expression?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Spreading Tea Ceremony Internationally, Domestically<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What do you want your guests to understand or take away from your tea ceremony? What are you trying to convey?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Does it vary depending on the guest? (Do you want tourists or westerners to take away something different?)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How do you strike a balance between being subtle in what you convey and trying to make sure that people understand?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How do you strike a balance between following your personal aesthetic\/artistic sentiment and appealing to your guests?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How do you take the identities of your guests into consideration? Do you perform tea ceremony differently for different types of guests (ie: Japanese, tourists, westerners)?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What if guests don\u2019t know what to do? What do you do? How much do you direct people\/guide them through the process?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Do you think about\/worry about how tourists interpret tea ceremony?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Given the global, euro-centric focus on the West, do you feel a responsibility\/pressure to present\/perform tea ceremony a certain way?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How do you feel about the increasing popularity and trendiness of matcha tea internationally?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Good? (press, etc)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Or bad? (dilution of ceremony, out of context)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Do you feel like you have to convey something about Japan to foreigners through tea ceremony? (ie responsibility to represent Japan given your unique background)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Do you think traditional tea ceremony involves hierarchies\/enforces power and privilege?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(How) do you try to create equality with tea ceremony?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How do you think about making tea ceremony accessible?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many of the things we\u2019ve read about tea ceremony talk about tea rooms as sanctuaries or spaces that provide a respite from the concerns of daily life, and in your 2014 interview with the Totousha website, you mentioned that when you enter a tea room, your stresses fall away. That seems to be in tension with the kamocha and efforts to pull tea ceremony out of the constrained, elite, and traditional spaces of tea schools like Omotesenke and Urasenke. How do you reconcile or grapple with this tension? \u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Do you think the the power or meaning of tea ceremony comes from the fact that it feels like an escape from life? Does bringing it out into the world and connecting it to life take away an essential aspect of its meaning and significance?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can it be connected to life and still be tea ceremony? <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If it becomes a part of daily life, does it lose its special (spiritual?) quality? <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Ultimately, we\u2019d like to focus on the tension that seems to exist in Dairiku-san\u2019s work between his desire to make the experience of tea accessible to those without a background in tea ceremony and his strong admiration of the \u201caha\u201d or mind reset\/clarity moments that seem to only come through a deep understanding of tea ceremony philosophy.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Works Consulted:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Anderson, Jennifer L. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">An Introduction to Japanese Tea Ritual<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ask This of Rikyu (Rikyu ni Tazuneyou)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, directed by Mitsutoshi Tanaka (2013; Tokyo: Toei Company, Ltd., 2014), Blu-Ray.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clancy, Judith. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kyoto, City of Zen<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Hong Kong: Tuttle Publishing, 2012<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dairiku, Amae. \u201cCha-no-yu Now: \u5929\u6c5f\u5927\u9678.\u201d <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u9676\u3005\u820e.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">March, 2014. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.totousha.com\/dairik-amae\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">http:\/\/www.totousha.com\/dairik-amae\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dougill, John. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kyoto: A Cultural History.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Japanese National Tourism Organization. \u201cTea Ceremony.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cultural Quintessence.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Last Modified 2000. http:\/\/www.jnto.go.jp\/eng\/indepth\/cultural\/experience\/f.html.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kato, Etsuko, ed. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Tea Ceremony and Women\u2019s Empowerment in Modern Japan<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bodies re-presenting the past<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Okakura, Kakuzo. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Book of Tea<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. New York: Duffield and Company, 1906.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pitelka, Morgan, ed. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Japanese Tea Culture<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Art, history, and practice. New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prideaux, Eric. \u201cTea to Soothe the Soul.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Japan Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. May 26, 2002. http:\/\/www.pripix.com\/features\/tea.htm<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sen, Soshitsu XV. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tea Life, Tea Mind.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> New York and Tokyo: John Weatherhill, Inc., 1987.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Final Presentation<\/strong> (US Version)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-763\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/1-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"753\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/1.png 835w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 753px) 100vw, 753px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We researched tea ceremony and then while we were in Japan, we had the opportunity to meet and interview a tea ceremony practitioner named Dairiku Amae<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-764\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/2-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"682\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/2-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/2.png 836w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 682px) 100vw, 682px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our goal today is to share with you our experience interviewing and sharing tea with Amae-san and how our understanding of tea ceremony and of tradition and modernity changed as a result.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rather than trying to offer a neatly packaged understanding of traditional tea ceremony or Mr. Amae, we are trying to explain our experience and how we perceived his work in making tea ceremony accessible and returning it to its roots.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-765\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/3-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"725\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/3-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/3.png 835w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 725px) 100vw, 725px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Before coming to Kyoto, we researched tea ceremony, and Ayami studied tea at Urasenke in Hawai\u2018i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tea ceremony is t<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">he art of performing the preparation and serving ceremony of matcha (powdered green) tea. In Japanese, it is known as\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u8336\u9053 (chadou or sadou) &#8212; the way of tea. It c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">an almost be thought of as a philosophy or way of living (Anderson 1). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As a result, we understood tea ceremony as a rule oriented way of life.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-766\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/4-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"703\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/4-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/4.png 914w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 703px) 100vw, 703px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A brief historical background on tea ceremony:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tea was introduced to Japan with Buddhism in the 9th century (Teforia).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chinese monks had a tradition of drinking tea in a formal manner, and this was adopted by Japanese aristocrats for a while, but it eventually lost popularity (Dougill 128).\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It wasn\u2019t until the 12th century that the practice of tea drinking was reintroduced into Japan, this time by monks like Eisai, who studied at Zen monasteries in China (Sen 11).\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Eisai initially promoted tea for its health benefits and its ability to keep the mind alert while meditating (Dougill 128).\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">But tea began spread beyond monks to become a drink of the upper class (Clancy 15),\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and it Quickly turned into a lavish practice that involved ostentatious displays of wealth, with large tearooms and highly decorative utensils (Sen 11).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Zen priest <b>Murata Shuko (Juko) <\/b>(1422 \u2013 1502) redirected the focus of serving tea towards the spiritual aim of transcending the ego (Dougill 128).\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In contrast to the aristocrats, he served tea in small rooms and used a minimum number of simple, locally-made utensils (Sen 12). Juko d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">esigned the 4.5 tatami mat tea room, which served as the prototype for future tea rooms, added Zen calligraphy, and is often considered the founder of tea ceremony (Dougill 128-9).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-767\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/5-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"781\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/5-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/5.png 915w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 781px) 100vw, 781px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Takeno Jo-o<span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (of the merchant class, many of whom were deeply involved in Zen) developed an aesthetic of Wabi tea.\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wabi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is an asethetic focused around simplicity, modesty, and rustic, solitary beauty, s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">o tea ceremonies based on that aesthetic were practiced in small, rustic huts with utensils of \u201cquiet, humble character\u201d (Sen 12).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Sen-no-Rikyu<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Jo-o\u2019s disciple, furthered this <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">wabi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> aesthetic (Sen 12) <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">to <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wabi-Sabi <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(Dougill 130). Wabi sabi is the a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ppreciation of the natural and simple, together with a feeling of melancholy at the transience of beauty. It also recognizes\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">irregularity and understatement (vs showy and pretentious) as well as the o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ld and aged (vs new).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He also developed a precise set of rules for tea preparation, codifying it into a unified and strictly regulated ceremony (Clancy 15). Sen no Rikyu b<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">elieved that in his tea house, all were equal, sitting together and sharing the same bowl of green tea (Clancy 15).\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tea at that time had a political function, and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rikyu became a powerful and an influential political figure (Clancy 16; Dougill 129).\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He had powerful patrons like <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some, like Hideyoshi, who had a gold leaf tea room and gold tea utensils, still favored ostentatious shows of wealth in tea ceremony (Dougill 131).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rikyu&#8217;s descendents developed three separate schools of tea (Dougill 132): Omotesenke, Mushanokoji, and Urasenke.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Succession to the head, grand master position of schools is hereditary.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-768\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/6-300x170.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"748\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/6-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/6.png 914w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 748px) 100vw, 748px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rikyu (founder of modern schools of tea) identified the spirit of chadou in four basic principles: (Sen, 13)<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Harmony (\u548c, Wa)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Respect (\u656c ,Kei)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Purity (\u6e05 , Sei)<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Tranquility (\u5bc2, Jaku)\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These four rules underlie all the practical rules of tea and represent the highest ideals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They make the foundation for the philosophy of practicing tea ceremony.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-769\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/7-300x168.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"778\" height=\"436\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/7-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/7.png 913w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 778px) 100vw, 778px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tea Ceremony is influenced by Zen Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Shinto(ism), and even Christianity.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zen Buddhism<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Host is trying to unite with the guests (Dougill 127)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cIn Zen, truth is pursued through the discipline of meditation in order to realize enlightenment, while in tea we use training in the procedures to achieve the same end\u201d (Sen no Rikyu, as cited by Dougill 127)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scroll hung in the tea room often has Zen quotation (Dougill 126)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Concern with cleanliness (Dougill 130)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tea ceremony\u2019s goals of transcending ideas of self to accessing truth and unity are the same as the goals of Zen Buddihist meditation<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Taoism (Dougill, 126)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wood (charcoal)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Metal (kettle)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Earth (pottery)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fire (in hearth)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water (tea)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Balance between giving (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">yin<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) and receiving <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(yang)<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Slowing down and getting in touch with The Way<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Facilitating energy flow through asymmetrical arrangements<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bringing together the 5 elements<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shinto(ism)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Seasonal awareness, Awareness of and respect for nature and the environment, flower arranging<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Confucianism<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Places emphasis on tradition, etiquette, correct behavior, and regulated relationships between people<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Christianity? (Dougill, 127)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Similarities to Catholic mass, esp with the use of a white cloth to wipe the tea bowl<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the time tea ceremony was emerging, Christian missionaries were in Kyoto<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-773\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/11-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"719\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/11-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/11.png 913w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 719px) 100vw, 719px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Based on our research, we went into our trip with the sense that tea ceremony was very traditional and codified, with a lot of rules.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We had expected that the tea ceremony we experienced would be traditional.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You can see these expectations in the basic questions we initially developed for Amae-san<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To what extent is tea ceremony defined by the many rules and rituals?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Is it possible for tea ceremony to be modern?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How much room is there for creativity and innovation? <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>We really wanted to focus on what we saw as a tension between\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Modernity and Tradition, as well as between i<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nnovating\/creating and maintaining\/preserving.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-774\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/12-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"728\" height=\"410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/12-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/12.png 914w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Background on Amae-san:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Born in Korea as the son of diplomats, he was r<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">aised in Hawai\u2018i, Syria, and Ukraine. He r<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">eturned to Japan for college\/university to study architecture. He began taking tea lessons because he w<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">anted to design tea rooms, so he\u00a0thought he should know the functionality of what he was going to design.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He is an architect by profession, but his passion (or \u201clife\u2019s work\u201d) is the promotion of Japanese culture in daily life.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">His work is m<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">uch less \u201ctraditional\u201d than what one might imagine from a serious practitioner of tea ceremony.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As powerful as tea ceremony can be, Amae-san believes is weak unless people can and want to participate in it, so h<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">is mission\/goals are\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">to make tea ceremony more relevant and connected to everyday life, so it\u2019s accessible, enjoyable, and appealing to people.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He wants to surprise and entertain guests, and because of this, he is very playful with tea ceremony. For example, he has done a collaboration with the company Muji, where he performed tea ceremony in their store using only products he found in the location.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-775\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/13-300x168.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"726\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/13-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/13.png 914w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 726px) 100vw, 726px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>What our experience was on the day!<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-776\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/14-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"743\" height=\"419\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/14-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/14.png 914w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 743px) 100vw, 743px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We started the day by collecting spring water from Shimo-Goryo Shrine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dragging water makes you slow down and in turn appreciate surroundings.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Feeling the weight of the water connects you physically to the water in a way that makes you all the more appreciative of how much of a scarce resource it is.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-777\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/15-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"838\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/15-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/15.png 913w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 838px) 100vw, 838px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We then went to pick up <em>wagashi<\/em>, or traditional Japanese confections. Amae-san gets sweets from same person every time, and there&#8217;s a definite personal connection!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-778\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/16-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"788\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/16-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/16.png 913w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 788px) 100vw, 788px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>After we arrived at Amae-san&#8217;s house,\u00a0<em>Totousha<\/em>, we worked on cleaning the room. Louisa sweeped the entire room, and then our whole group wiped down the floors, first with wet rags and then with dry rags. This act made us more aware and appreciative of the room, as well as of the minute details that made the space so beautiful: the light coming through the window, the scent of the tatami mat, the cleanliness of the space made us feel the beauty of the room.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-779\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/17-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"822\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/17-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/17.png 915w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 822px) 100vw, 822px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Then Amae-san made us tea.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As he did so, he told us about role of host and also demonstrated how host is mindful, aware and thoughtful, and\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">watching the graceful, purposeful movements that he made was almost like watching a dance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He created an experience with lots of different components that appealed to different senses (incense, flowers, tea, sweets, sound of gong, etc), to draw in many people and help them experience the power of tea.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This really worked b\/c most of us had very powerful and uniquely personal experiences.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For example, personally, drinking my bowl of matcha, I (Louisa) felt transported, at peace, aware of and appreciative of everything around me.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The way he&#8217;d served tea had seemed very casual, but I realized that he had actually accomplished something powerful.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-780\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/18-300x168.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1001\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/18-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/18.png 916w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1001px) 100vw, 1001px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Sharing what we learned!<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-781\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/19-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"730\" height=\"411\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/19-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/19.png 915w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amae-san made us think about how we were defining modernity and tradition when he<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0told us that he doesn\u2019t want to think in terms of modernity and tradition. For example, he l<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ikes to imagine Rikyu was born yesterday and he like to\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">think back to time before schools, when tea ceremony practitioners just did what felt right. Thus,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">what we think of as Amae-san\u2019s \u2018modern\u2019 tea ceremony (art installation, no talking, sauna tea, no seiza, go to the public bathhouse) might actually be more \u2018traditional\u2019\/true to the essence of the tradition (even though it looks less traditional) and thereby returning tea to the roots of the tradition.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He is stripping away the pretension and rituals and codification to get back to the basics of the philosophy<\/span><\/p>\n<p>He is not necessarily changing the fundamental essence of tradition but, rather, translating it.\u00a0What he does may look and sound very different than traditional forms, but the meaning is the same.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-782\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/20-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1105\" height=\"623\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tradition and innovation aren\u2019t necessarily opposed.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It\u2019s possible to be at the forefront of culture while also being traditional in certain ways. Amae-san<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0is taking the philosophy of tea ceremony and extending \u00a0it, applying it in new ways and contexts. He is t<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">aking Zen philosophy of stripping things down to their essential nature and applying it to tea ceremony itself. It is almost as though he is asking, &#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">who\/what is tea ceremony? What is its essence?&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For example, Amae-san work to have people leave knowledge at the door &#8212; an act that is about humbling people. In older times,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0power used to come from swords, and everyone leaving their sword at door was a way of humbling and equalizing everyone in the tea room, a concept that comes from Rikyu.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today, power and privilege are tied to knowledge, and to humble people, Amae-san designs his tea ceremonies so that knowledge of tea ceremony is not essential or even helpful (challenging expectations of older, knowledgeable people).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">By focusing less on rules and rituals, his whole approach embodies and extends idea of <\/span><b><i>Ichigo ichie <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">which roughly means \u201ca once in a lifetime experience\u201d &#8211; the idea that tea ceremony should represent a unique coming together of components. He argues that h<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">aving so many rituals\/rules can take away from ichigo ichie because people feel like they know what to expect. W<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ith Amae-san\u2019s tea ceremony, everything different each time, which e<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ncourages mindfulness and awareness and appreciation.\u00a0<\/span>Ultimately, you&#8217;d expect that the avant garde would be inaccessible, but what&#8217;s so powerful and interesting about what Amae-san is doing is that it&#8217;s at once avant garde\/innovative and accessible.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-783\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/21-300x168.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1314\" height=\"736\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/21-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/21.png 912w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1314px) 100vw, 1314px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, we were still a little confused and decided to return to the idea of the four basic tea principles. We saw and learned about the 4 basic principles of tea ceremony through and in Amae-san\u2019s work, thus experiencing their power.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-784\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/22-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"634\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/22-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/22.png 914w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 634px) 100vw, 634px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">At Amae-san&#8217;s tea room, we saw harmony between people, utensils, elements and environment.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0He works to make harmony between the sweets and the season (yukimochi = snow mochi). The softly falling snow outside created a calming sense, as the sweet snow confection blended beautifully with the matcha tea.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-785\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/23-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"641\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/23-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/23.png 915w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>When cleaning the house, we not only felt respect for the place and objects we were cleaning but also respect for each other as well as ourselves. It was truly for each other and the inner spirit within us that we were cleaning.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-786\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/24-300x168.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"637\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/24-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/24.png 913w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In terms of purity, he had a very simple tea ceremony. He also taught us that s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ilence is also sound and a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">bsence can be beauty. B<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ecause his tea ceremony is about removing unnecessary rituals, rules, or embellishments, he is able to use tea ceremony to restore freshness or purity to the mind.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-787\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/25-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"863\" height=\"487\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/25-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/25.png 912w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 863px) 100vw, 863px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tranquility comes from the setting. Amae-san works to b<\/span>ring people together, making people comfortable by serving tea. He is b<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ringing elements together, b<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ringing senses together, b<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ringing people together from different backgrounds. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>Ultimately, all of these principles come together and interact, creating a beautiful tea ceremony.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-788\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/26-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"758\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/26-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/26.png 914w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 758px) 100vw, 758px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In terms of some of the lessons that we\u2019re taking back with us and want to share with you today&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As Williams students, we tend to over-intellectualize and over-analyze, b<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ut it\u2019s important to realize that we can\u2019t or shouldn\u2019t just try to fit things into one box. There is\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">not a simple binary of tradition or modernity, or perhaps not even a spectrum.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As Zen Buddhism teaches us, things can and do hold contradictions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Ultimately, t<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ea is not just a drink and tea ceremony is not just a tradition\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It\u2019s an experience, a state of mind, an attitude, a way of living that originated as a way of bringing people together and providing sanctuary\/beauty during troubled times.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Amae-san very much embodied this for us. For him, it\u2019s not about the rules; it\u2019s about how he lives, how he thinks, and interacts with people.\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As students, very important for us to remember what Amae-san taught us &#8211; \u00a0that it\u2019s ultimately not about who knows more or who does things the right way.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tea, like life, is about human interaction, about balancing giving and receiving, and about learning from and appreciating the people, objects, and environment around us.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-789\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/27-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"762\" height=\"430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/27-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/27.png 914w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 762px) 100vw, 762px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We chose this photo because it shows our simple understanding of tea ceremony growing into a more complex one, and then our view of tea ceremony as something so complex and ritualized as being returned to the simple essence of its philosophical roots.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-790\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/28-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"746\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/28-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/files\/2016\/12\/28.png 914w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 746px) 100vw, 746px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>***Final Presentation Found Below*** Pre-Departure Presentation January 6th, 2016 What is Tea Ceremony? The art of performing the preparation and serving ceremony of matcha (powdered green) tea. \u8336\u9053 (chadou or sadou) = the way of tea Can almost be thought &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/tea-ceremony\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-45","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/45","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/45\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":923,"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/45\/revisions\/923"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.williams.edu\/17w-japn-025-kyoto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}